正当防卫论  

Justifiable Defense

作　　者： 何垚淼(译) Takayama Kanako

机构地区：[1]京都大学法学研究科,日本京都606-8501

出　　处：《湖湘法学评论》2023年第3期147-160,共14页HUXIANG LAW REVIEW

摘　　要：应当认为,正当防卫是一种将正当的权利、利益单纯作为其本身来保全的制度。在讨论正当防卫的正当化根据之时,出发点不在于法秩序本身,而是始终在于个别的、具体的权利以及利益的保护。由此,正当化根据的核心应当在于不正的侵害者一方的法益性的阙如。对于各构成要件的解释,应该以这一观点为出发点。同时,对于所谓的“对立状况中的正当防卫”问题,应当着眼于对立状况的发生原因,在双方处于一种“不正”对“不正”的关系下时,应当否定“不正的侵害”进而否定正当防卫的成立,并在紧急避险的限度来肯定其正当化。Justifiable defense should be understood as a system that affirms the preservation of legitimate rights and interests as their own.The starting point of legal basis of justifiable defense is not the legal order itself,but rather the protection of individual and specific rights and interests.Thus,the legal basis of justifiable defense is based on the non-existent of legal benefit on the part of the illegal attacker.The interpretation of elements of justifiable defense should be based on this point of view.At the same time,for the so-called"justifiable defense in antagonistic situations",we should focus on the cause of the antagonistic situation.When the two parties are in an"unjustified"versus"unjustified"relationship,the"illegal attack"and thus the establishment of justifiable defense should be denied,and its justification should be affirmed within the limits of necessity.

关 键 词：正当防卫 正当化根据 成立要件 对立状况 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]