香港地区基本法紧急状态条款的解释方法与规范内涵  

The Interpretation and Connotations of Emergency Provisions in the Basic Law of Hong Kong district

作　　者：卢雯雯 Lu Wenwen

机构地区：[1]深圳大学港澳基本法研究中心

出　　处：《港澳研究》2023年第2期14-31,94,共19页Hong Kong and Macao Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“紧急状态下香港特别行政区维护国家安全法治研究”(项目批准号:20CFX014)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：香港地区基本法第18条第4款关于紧急状态的进入、程序和后果与现行宪法并不一致,因基本法制定所依据的是八二宪法的戒严条款,与修宪之后的紧急状态条款产生差异。紧急状态制度旨在维护国家主权、统一和安全,在解释时应引入宪法条款构建目的,结合基本法其他条款考查语境,将宪法、基本法紧急状态条款及香港地区国安法的补充性规定作一致性解释,从而将第18条第4款作符合“一国两制”方针和立法宗旨的解释:将紧急状态的进入从军事戒严扩张解释为危及国家统一或安全的重大危机;紧急状态的宣告为全国人大常委会的政治性决断,但尊重特区的高度自治权;紧急状态下适用的“有关全国性法律”应由中央政府根据当时情况酌情判断。The entry,procedure,and consequences of a state of emergency in Article 18(4)of the Basic Law of Hong Kong are not consistent with the current Constitution,as the Basic Law is based on the martial law provisions of the 1982 Constitution,which differ from the emergency provisions in the amended Constitution.The emergency system aims to safeguard national sovereignty,unity,and security.When interpreting the system,the purpose of constructing constitutional provisions should be introduced,the context of formulating other provisions of the Basic Law should be examined,a consistent interpretation of the Constitution,the emergency provisions of the Basic Law,and the supplementary provisions of the Hong Kong National Security Law should be provided so that Article 18(4)of the Basic Law should be interpreted as conforming to the principle of“one country,two systems”and the legislative purpose:the entry of a state of emergency should be interpreted as a major crisis that endangers national unity or security instead of martial law expansion;the declaration of a state of emergency should be a political decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress,but the high degree of autonomy of the HKSAR is upheld;and the applicable national laws in the state of emergency shall be at the discretion of the central government.

关 键 词：紧急状态 紧急权力 香港地区基本法 宪法 

分 类 号：D921.9[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]