黄河内蒙古段造床流量变化及其影响因素  

Variation of Bed-forming Discharge and Its Influencing Factors in the Inner Mongolia Reach of the Yellow River

作　　者：王克志 刘晓民[1,2] 张红武 张晓华[4] WANG Ke-zhi;LIU Xiao-min;ZHANG Hong-wu;ZHANG Xiao-hua(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrated Management of Water Resources and Water Environment in the Inner Mongolia Reach of the Yellow River,Hohhot 010018,China;Yellow River Research Center,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Yellow River Water Conservancy Research Institute,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,呼和浩特010018 [2]黄河流域内蒙段水资源与水环境综合治理协同创新中心,呼和浩特010018 [3]清华大学黄河研究中心,北京100084 [4]黄河水利科学研究院,郑州450003

出　　处：《长江科学院院报》2023年第7期8-15,共8页Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute

基　　金：内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2021MS05042);国家自然科学基金项目(52169016,51969021)。

摘　　要：造床流量是反映河床冲淤的表征指标,也是河道整治的主要参数。基于1960—2019年实测数据,运用改进马卡维耶夫法、平滩水位法、地貌功法,计算并分析了石嘴山、巴彦高勒、三湖河口、头道拐水文站造床流量。结果表明:时间上,1960—1989年、2010—2019年造床流量为2100~3540 m^(3)/s,中水河槽冲刷,1990—2009年造床流量为740~1300 m^(3)/s,河槽淤积萎缩严重;空间上,造床流量呈现上站大于下站的特点;造床流量受来水量影响较大,在汛期水量低于105亿m 3的情况下,可以通过刘家峡、龙羊峡、海勃湾水库三库联调适当增大汛期来水量,强化黄河内蒙古段造床作用。研究结果显示改进马卡维耶夫法物理意义明确,计算结果相对合理,可为冲积性河流造床流量确定及黄河内蒙古段河道治理提供参考。Bed-forming discharge is an important index characterizing the erosion and deposition of river beds,and is also a key parameter for river management.Based on measured data from 1960 to 2019,we calculated and analyzed the bed-forming discharge at four hydrological stations,namely,Shizuishan,Bayangol,Sanhuhekou,and Toudaoguai,using the improved Makaviev method,bank-full level method,and geomorphology work method.In 1960-1989 and 2010-2019,the bed-forming discharge ranged between 2100 m^(3)/s and 3540 m^(3)/s,indicating medium scouring,while in 1990-2009,the bed-forming discharge was 740-1300 m 3/s,reflecting severe deposition.In spatial scale,bed-forming discharge was larger in the upper reach stations compared to the lower reach stations.Bed-forming discharge is significantly influenced by the amount of incoming water.When the water inflow during flood season is less than 10.5 billion m 3,properly increasing the inflow by jointly dispatching the three reservoirs in Liujiaxia,Longyangxia,and Haibowan during flood season could appropriately augment bed-forming in the Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River.Results manifest that the physical meaning of the improved Makaviev method is clear and the calculation results are relatively reasonable.The research results provide important implications for determining the alluvial river bed-forming flow and channel management in the Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River.

关 键 词：造床流量 河床演变 改进马卡维耶夫法 平滩水位法 地貌功法 黄河内蒙古段 

分 类 号：TV147[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]