基于移动观测的城市机动车氨排放特征研究  

Characterization of Ammonia Emissions from Urban Motor Vehicles Using Mobile Measurements

作　　者：杨荟楠 马东翔 丁祥 刘文洋 楼晟荣 黄成 YANG Huinan;MA Dongxiang;DING Xiang;LIU Wenyang;LOU Shengrong;HUANG Cheng(School of Energy and Power Engineering,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093,China;National Key Laboratory of Causes and Prevention of Urban Atmospheric Complex Pollution for Environmental Protection,Shanghai Institute of Environmental Science,Shanghai 200233,China)

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院,上海200093 [2]上海市环境科学研究院,国家环境保护城市大气复合污染成因与防治重点实验室,上海200233

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2023年第7期1274-1283,共10页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2022YFC3703600);上海市科学技术委员会项目(No.20DZ1204002);国家自然科学青年基金项目(No.42205125)。

摘　　要：氨(NH3)在城市细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))的形成中起重要作用,机动车是其重要来源之一.本文利用移动式走航测量方法,在上海市开展了为期8 d的实际道路NH3排放移动走航观测,获得了道路机动车NH3排放及分布特征.结果表明:①去除污染物背景数据后,实际道路机动车的ΔNH_(3)/ΔCO_(2)(NH_(3)与CO_(2)排放量之比,下同)为0.44×10^(−3),不同类型交通区存在显著差异,港区道路与中心城区道路机动车的ΔNH_(3)/ΔCO_(2)均较高,而高速公路相对较低.②交通条件对实际道路机动车的NH3排放量具有重要影响,道路拥堵状态下机动车低速行进时的ΔNH_(3)/ΔCO_(2)是道路通畅时高速行进状态下的2~3倍.③第四届中国国际进口博览会(2021年11月5-10日)期间,在重点拥堵路段实施的交通管制措施对削减机动车NH3排放具有积极作用.研究显示,交通条件是城市机动车NH3排放的重要影响因素之一.Ammonia(NH3)plays an important role in the formation of urban fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)),and motor vehicles are one of the important sources of NH3.In this study,an 8 d mobile observation of actual road NH3 emissions was conducted in Shanghai using mobile walk-around measurements to obtain NH3 emissions and distribution characteristics of motor vehicles.The results show that:(1)TheΔNH_(3)/ΔCO_(2)(ratio of NH_(3) to CO_(2) emissions)for actual road motor vehicles(with air background concentrations removed)was 0.44×10^(−3),with significant differences between traffic types,with higherΔNH_(3)/ΔCO_(2) for motor vehicles on port roads and central city roads,and lower for motorways.(2)Traffic conditions have a significant impact on actual road NH_(3) emissions,with ΔNH_(3)/ΔCO_(2) being two to three times higher at low speeds than at high speeds when the road is congested.(3)During the 4th China International Import Expo(CIIE,November 5th-10th,2021),traffic control measures implemented on key congested road sections had a positive effect on reducing NH3 emissions from motor vehicles.This study shows that traffic conditions are one of the important influencing factors of NH3 emissions from urban motor vehicles.

关 键 词：机动车 移动走航观测 排放特征 

分 类 号：X5[环境科学与工程—环境工程]