车内空气质量控制标准及半挥发性有机物研究探讨  

Review of Vehicle Interior Air Quality Control Standards and Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds Study

作　　者：王丹璐[1] 何海峰[2] 赵军霞[2] 王运静[3] 李琦 李政蕾 魏彤 侯雅宣 赵秀阁[1] WANG Danlu;HE Haifeng;ZHAO Junxia;WANG Yunjing;LI Qi;LI Zhenglei;WEI Tong;HOU Yaxuan;ZHAO Xiuge(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 401122,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [2]中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司,重庆401122 [3]中国环境科学研究院,国家环境保护机动车污染控制与模拟重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2023年第7期1284-1296,共13页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：中国汽研“揭榜挂帅”项目(No.CIIP-2021-001);国家环境保护机动车污染控制与模拟重点实验室开放基金(No.VECS2021S04);中央财政科技计划结余经费(No.2021-JY-03)。

摘　　要：近年来,随着车辆保有量的不断上升,汽车污染带来的空气污染和健康影响不断加深,人群对车内空气质量控制的需求不断提高,车内空气质量问题也越来越多受到人群的关注,本文针对车内空气质量控制,梳理并阐述目前国内外车内空气质量控制标准以及我国车内饰污染物质量控制标准,总结并分析车内空气中半挥发性有机物样本采集方法及重点关注物质.结果表明:①目前中国、日本、韩国以及俄罗斯等国家车内空气质量控制标准中挥发性有机物是重点关注指标且其限值具有差异,除日本外,其他国家暂未将半挥发性有机物纳入控制标准.②我国车内饰质量控制标准指标中有机物指标占所有指标的66.90%,其中半挥发性有机物指标占有机物指标的30.94%,且多为增塑剂、阻燃剂类等对人体健康具有危害的物质.③车内空气半挥发性有机物研究涉及气态、颗粒态以及粉尘样本,超过66.67%的样本采用主动采样法进行收集.研究中关注的重点物质包括溴化阻燃剂、磷系阻燃剂、邻苯二甲酸酯、全氟化合物等阻燃剂和增塑剂类物质,其研究次数占所有物质研究次数的88.14%.针对车内空气质量管理提出两点建议:①在现有车内空气质量管理标准与技术指南的基础上,我国需要扩大质量控制指标范围,适当加入阻燃剂、增塑剂等半挥发性有机物控制指标;②完善车内空气质量样品采集技术指南,针对半挥发性有机物制定采样规范.In recent years,with the continuous increase in the number of vehicles,air pollution and health effects caused by vehicle pollution have been increasing.The demand for controlling the interior air quality in vehicles is dramatically increasing,and interior air quality issues in vehicles have been receiving widespread attention from the public.This article focuses on vehicle interior air quality control and combs and analyzes the current domestic and international standards for controlling interior air quality in vehicles,as well as the quality control standards for pollutants of vehicle interior materials in China.Moreover,the sampling methods for semi-volatile organic compounds in vehicle interior air and the key substances were also summarized and analyzed.The results show the following:(1)Volatile organic compounds are the key indicators of vehicle interior air quality control standards in China,Japan,Korea,and Russia,and the limit values vary.Except for Japan,semi-volatile organic compounds have not been included in the control standards.(2)In China,organic compounds account for 66.90%of all quality control indicators in vehicle interior material quality control standards,among which semi-volatile organic compounds account for 30.94%.The semi-volatile organic compounds in these quality control standards are mostly plasticizers and flame retardants that pose health risks to humans.(3)The study of semi-volatile organic compounds in vehicle interior air involves gas-phase,particle-phase,and dust samples.More than 66.67%of the samples were collected using active sampling methods.Flame retardants and plasticizer substances,such as brominated flame retardants,phosphorus-based flame retardants,phthalates,and perfluoro compounds,are the focus of these studies,and their number of studies account for 88.14%of the number of studies on overall compounds.Accordingly,two suggestions are provided for the management of vehicle interior air quality to further improve its management in China and reduce the health hazards.Based

关 键 词：车内空气 控制标准 半挥发性有机物 采样方法 

分 类 号：X503.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]