活性氮化硼的制备、表征及其对重金属离子的吸附特性研究  

Preparation and Characterization of Activated Boron Nitride and Its Heavy Metal Adsorption Properties

作　　者：詹凤琪 李彦龙 盖安俊 刘博 张峻中 李润东 ZHAN Fengqi;LI Yanlong;GAI Anjun;LIU Bo;ZHANG Junzhong;LI Rundong(Key Laboratory of Clean Energy,College of Energy and Environment,Shenyang Aerospace University,Shenyang 110136,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳航空航天大学能源与环境学院,辽宁省清洁能源重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110136

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2023年第7期1317-1328,共12页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.U21A20142)。

摘　　要：重金属离子是工业废水中的重要污染物,常规吸附剂吸附量低、吸附速度慢.对此,本文将吸附量大、吸附速度快的活性氮化硼(A-BN)吸附剂引入重金属污染领域,采用三聚氰胺(C_(3)H_(6)N_(6))和硼酸(H_(3)BO_(3))作为前驱体,以摩尔比例1∶2混合,制备了比表面积为944.526 m^(2)/g、介孔孔体积为0.324 cm^(3)/g的A-BN材料,并探究了废水中Cu^(2+)、Pb^(2+)和Cd^(2+)的相互作用以及A-BN的吸附行为机理.结果表明:①在单一体系中,A-BN吸附量的大小表现为Pb^(2+)>Cd^(2+)>Cu^(2+),但在三元体系中重金属离子会发生相互作用,即Cu^(2+)对Pb^(2+)的吸附具有协同作用,而对Cd^(2+)的吸附具有拮抗作用,Pb^(2+)对Cd^(2+)的吸附在30 min内具有拮抗作用,30 min后具有协同作用.同样,Pb^(2+)对Cu^(2+)的吸附具有协同作用,而Cd^(2+)对Cu^(2+)的吸附具有拮抗作用,Cd^(2+)对Pb^(2+)的吸附具有协同作用.②针对A-BN吸附Cu^(2+)、Pb^(2+)和Cd^(2+),发现其对Cu^(2+)、Pb^(2+)和Cd^(2+)的吸附均符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,说明吸附过程主要受化学吸附控制.③利用XPS分析A-BN吸附后表面化学态,发现Cu^(2+)与A-BN结合形成Cu(OH)_(2)和—OCu,Pb^(2+)和Cd^(2+)与A-BN结合,形成PbCO_(3)、Cd(OH)_(2)和CdCO_(3).其吸附机理包括表面-NH_(2)与重金属离子形成络合物、-OH的H与重金属离子发生离子交换、-O与重金属离子通过静电相互作用结合形成的3种吸附机制.研究显示,A-BN是一种吸附量大、吸附速度快的新型吸附剂,可解决实际水体环境中的重金属污染问题.Heavy metal ions are common pollutants in industrial wastewater.Conventional adsorbents have low adsorption capacity and slow adsorption speed to heavy metals.In this study,a new type of activated boron nitride adsorbent was prepared and employed to adsorb heavy metals.The characteristics of activated boron nitride were investigated and the interaction between Cu^(2+),Pb^(2+)and Cd^(2+)in wastewater and the adsorption mechanisms of activated boron nitride were explored.Melamine and boric acid were used as the precursor of activated boron nitride and the molar ratio was 1:2.The results showed that the specific surface area of activated boron nitride reached 944.526 m^(2)/g and its mesoporous pore volume was 0.324 cm^(3)/g.In the single adsorption system,the adsorption capacities of the activated boron nitride were in the following order:Pb^(2+)>Cd^(2+)>Cu^(2+).In the ternary adsorption systems,heavy metal adsorption exhibited obvious interaction.Cu^(2+)had a synergistic effect on the adsorption of Pb^(2+)and exhibited an antagonistic effect on the adsorption of Cd^(2+).Pb^(2+)had an antagonistic effect on the adsorption of Cd^(2+)within 30 min and showed a synergistic effect after 30 min.Similarly,Pb^(2+)had a synergistic effect on the adsorption of Cu^(2+).Cd^(2+)had an antagonistic effect on the adsorption of Cu^(2+).Cd^(2+)had a synergistic effect on the adsorption of Pb^(2+).The adsorption of Cu^(2+),Pb^(2+)and Cd^(2+)by activated boron nitride conformed to the Langmuir model,indicating that the adsorption process was mainly controlled by chemical adsorption.Cu^(2+)and activated boron nitride formed Cu(OH)_(2)and-OCu.Pb^(2+)and Cd^(2+)combined with activated boron nitride to form PbCO_(3),Cd(OH)_(2)and CdCO_(3).The adsorption includes three mechanisms:-NH_(2)and heavy metals form complexes,H in-OH and heavy metal ions exchange ions,-O and heavy metal ions had electrostatic interaction.The research showed that activated boron nitride is a new adsorbent with large adsorption capacity and fast adsorption speed,wh

关 键 词：活性氮化硼(A-BN) 液相吸附 重金属离子 吸附行为机理 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]