种植密度对玉米茎秆抗倒伏性能及产量的影响  

Effects of Planting Density on Lodging Resistance and Yield of Maize

作　　者：张庆娜[1] 邵广忠[1] 孙殷会[1] 程娟 傅迎军[1] 孟祥海[1] 胡颖慧[1] 王佰成[1] ZHANG Qingna;SHAO Guangzhong;SUN Yinhui;CHENG Juan;FU Yingjun;MENG Xianghai;HU Yinghui;WANG Baicheng(Mudanjiang Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Mudanjiang 157000,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院牡丹江分院,黑龙江牡丹江157000

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2023年第7期1-6,共6页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：牡丹江市科学技术计划项目(HT2020NS032)。

摘　　要：为促进黑龙江省玉米密植高产抗倒伏栽培,充分挖掘其高产潜力,实现增产增收,以牡丹江地区10个市场上主栽的玉米品种为材料,设置3个种植密度,田间采用随机区组设计,探讨不同密度对玉米茎秆强度性状和产量的影响。结果表明,利合328、P5697、益农玉10号、富尔116和德美亚3号的最高产量分别为12567.0,12457.0,13254.9,13204.9和12624.4 kg·hm^(-2),最佳种植密度为7.50万株·hm^(-2),适宜密植;牡单19、绿单4号、吉农大935和牡单27的最高产量分别为12986.8,12687.3,13605.3和12765.5 kg·hm^(-2),最佳种植密度为6.75万株·hm^(-2),中等耐密;和育187的最高产量为13686.2 kg·hm^(-2),最佳种植密度为6.00万株·hm^(-2),种植不宜过密。参试玉米品种茎秆针刺强度和压碎强度都随着密度增大呈现减小的趋势,总体表现为随着节位上升呈下降趋势,不同品种间的也存在很大差异。不同种植密度下,益农玉10号在第3节、第4节、第5节承受针刺强度和茎秆压碎强度都是最强的。参试玉米品种整体上表现为随种植密度增加,株高、穗位高降低,秃尖变长,穗粗变细,百粒重降低,穗长变短。In order to promote dense planting,high-yield and lodging resistant cultivation of maize in Heilongjiang Province,fully tap its high-yield potential,and achieve yield increase and income increase,three planting densities were set for 10 maize varieties mainly planted in the market in Mudanjian Area,and random block design was used in the field to explore the effects of different densities on stem strength and yield of maize.The results showed that,the highest yields of Lihe 328,P5697,Yinongyu 10,Fuer 116 and Demeiya 3 were 12567.0,12457.0,13254.9,13204.9,and 12624.4 kg·ha^(-1),respectively,and the optimum planting dens ity for all of them was 75000 plants·ha^(-1),which was suitable for planting density tolerance;The highest yields of Mudan 19,Lüdan 4,Jinongda 935 and Mudan 27 were 12986.8,12687.3,13605.3和12765.5 kg·ha^(-1),and the optimum planting density for all of them was 67500 plants·ha^(-1),suitable for medium density tolerance;The highest yield of Heyu187 was 13686.2 kg·ha^(-1)and the optimum planting density was 60000 plants·ha^(-1),which should not be too dense.The needle-pricking strength and crushing strength of stem decreased with the increase of density,and decreased with the increase of node,and there were also great differences among varieties.Under different planting densities,Yinongyu 10 was the strongest at the 3 rd,4 th and 5 th internodes in the stress of pricking and crushing.With the increase of maize density,the plant height and ear height of the tested varieties decreased,bald tip became longer,panicle became thicker and thinner,100-grain weight decreased and panicle length became shorter.

关 键 词：玉米 密度 茎秆性状 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]