刈号微量元素水溶肥对大豆和玉米农艺性状及产量的影响  

Effects of Yihao Trace Element Water-Soluble Fertilizer on Agronomic Characters and Yield of Soybean and Maize

作　　者：王自杰 杨晓贺[1] 邱磊[1] 张茂明[1] 姚亮亮[1] 高雪冬[1] 冯浩原 丁俊杰[1] WANG Zijie;YANG Xiaohe;QIU Lei;ZHANG Maoming;YAO Liangliang;GAO Xuedong;FENG Haoyuan;DING Junjie(Jiamusi Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiamusi Crop Pest Science Observation and Experiment Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Main Crop Breeding and Cultivation in Sanjiang Plain,Jiamusi 154007,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院/农业农村部佳木斯作物有害生物科学观测实验站/三江平原主要作物育种栽培重点实验室,黑龙江佳木斯154007

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2023年第7期30-34,46,共6页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：黑龙江省重点研发计划(GA22B014);黑土地保护与利用科技创新工程专项(XDA28100000);黑龙江省自然科学基金(LH2021C091);黑龙江省重点研发计划指导类项目(GZ20210132)。

摘　　要：为提高大豆和玉米品质和产量,在大豆3~5叶期、始花期、结荚期各喷施1次刈号微量元素水溶肥,在玉米3~5叶期、喇叭口期各喷施1次刈号微量元素水溶肥,研究喷施刈号微量元素水溶肥对大豆和玉米农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明,喷施刈号微量元素水溶肥375.0~750.0 mL·hm^(-2)后,抑制了大豆倒伏株数,促进了大豆的根长、根鲜重、根干重、根瘤数、株高、单株荚数、单株粒数、百粒重和产量;降低了玉米的穗位高度、籽粒含水量,抑制了玉米的倒伏株数、秃尖长度,促进了玉米的根长、根鲜重、根干重、果穗行数、果穗行粒数、穗长、穗粗、果穗重、单穗籽粒重、百粒重和产量。在大豆生产过程中,喷施3次刈号微量元素水溶肥750.0 mL·hm^(-2),可提高植株的抗逆性,增产294.60 kg·hm^(-2),净增利润1140.84元·hm^(-2);在玉米生产过程中,建议喷施2次刈号微量元素水溶肥750.0 mL·hm^(-2),可提高植株的抗逆性,使玉米增产648.68 kg·hm^(-2),净增利润1127.09元·hm^(-2)。In order to improve the quality and yield of soybean and maize,the effects of Yihao water soluble fertilizer spraying with trace elements on agronomic characters and yield of soybean and maize were studied.Water soluble fertilizer of trace elements were applied in the 3 rd to 5 th leaf stage,the first flowering stage and the pod stage of soybean,and applied in the 3 rd to 5 th leaf stage and the trumpet stage of maize.The results showed that after spraying 375.0-750.0 mL·ha^(-1),the number of lodging plants was inhibited,and the root length,fresh root weight,dry root weight,nodal number,plant height,pod number per plant,grain number per plant,100 grain weight and hectare yield of soybean were improved.It reduced the height of ear position and grain water content,inhibited the number of lodging pla nts and the length of bald tip,and promoted the root length,fresh root weight,dry root weight,row number of ear,row number of ear,ear length,ear thickness,ear weight,grain weight per ear,100 grain weight and hectare yield of maize.In the process of soybean production,spraying 750.0 mL·ha^(-1)water soluble fertilizer of trace elements three times could improve the stress resistance of plants,increase the yield by 294.60 kg·ha^(-1),and increase the net profit by 1140.84 yuan·ha^(-1).In the process of maize production,it is recommended to spray 750.0 mL·ha^(-1)water soluble fertilizer of trace elements twice,which can improve the stress resistance of plants,increase the yield of maize by 648.68 kg·ha^(-1),and increase the net profit by 1127.09 yuan·ha^(-1).

关 键 词：大豆 玉米 微量元素水溶肥 农艺性状 产量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学] S513