一种新型温室的采光性能分析  

Daylighting Performance Analysis of a New Type of Greenhouse

作　　者：侯睿宁 王晓祥[1] 王禹[1] 任爱华[1] 牟蕴慧[1] 韩继龙[1] HOU Ruining;WANG Xiaoxiang;WANG Yu;REN Aihua;MU Yunhui;HAN Jilong(Horticultural Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150069,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院园艺分院,黑龙江哈尔滨150069

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2023年第7期64-70,共7页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：黑龙江省农业科学院“农业科技创新跨越工程”专项(HNK2019CX11)。

摘　　要：为探究新型日光温室与生产上主流温室在黑龙江地区的采光性能差异,采用对比分析法,对新型日光温室(W1)与主流温室(W2)冬季不同区域及垂直高度的太阳能截获量及光照强度进行了研究。结果表明,同一时间段下,W1温室的太阳能截获量高于W2温室,提高比例约为14%~25%;W1温室对外光辐射面积低于W2温室,比W2温室降低约6.88%。W1温室的光照强度最高可达34 752 lx,同时间W2温室的光强为28 021 lx, W1温室最高光强为W2温室的1.24倍。W1温室的光照强度平均值为20 376 lx,是W2温室光强平均值15 845 lx的1.29倍。不同时间段的光强对比均为W1大于W2,W1温室光照强度相较于W2温室,在不同时间段提高了24%~34%。因此,W1温室内光照环境要好于W2温室。在垂直高度上,温室光照强度为先上升后下降,除近地面高度外,其他高度W1温室光照均高于W2温室,说明对于高度在0.5 m上的作物而言,W1温室光照环境优于W2温室。W1温室太阳能截获量多而光辐射面积小,光能利用率高,并且温室内不同空间光辐射更加均匀一致,在冬季生产遮光或弱光区很少。因此,W1温室的采光性能优于W2型温室。In order to explore the difference in lighting performance between the new solar greenhouse and the mainstream greenhouse in Heilongjiang Area,the solar energy interception and light intensity of the new solar greenhouse(W1)and the mainstream greenhouse(W2)in different areas and vertical heights in winter were studied by comparative analysis method.The results showed that the solar energy interception of W1 greenhouse was higher than that of W2 greenhouse during the same time period,and the increase rate was about 14%-25%.The external light radiation area of W1 greenhouse was lower than that of W2 greenhouse,which was about 6.88%lower than that of W2 greenhouse.The light intensity of W1 greenhouse reached up to 34752 lx,while the light intensity of W2 greenhouse was 28021 lx,and the light intensity of W1 greenhouse was 1.24 times that of W2 greenhouse.The average light intensity of W1 greenhouse was 20376 lx,which is 1.29 times that of W2 greenhouse light intensity average of 15845 lx.The light intensity contrast in different time periods was that,the W1 was greater than W2,and the light intensity of W1 greenhouse was increased by 24%-34%in different time periods compared with W2 greenhouse,so the light environment was better than that of W2 greenhouse.In terms of vertical height,the greenhouse light intensity first rises and then decreases,except for the near ground height,the other heights of W1 greenhouse light are higher than W2 greenhouse,indicating that for crops with a height of 0.5 m,the W1 greenhouse light environment is better than that of W2 greenhouse.W1 greenhouse solar interception amount is large,light radiation area is small,light energy utilization rate is high,and the light radiation in different spaces in the greenhouse is more uniform and consistent,and there are few shading or weak light areas produced in winter.Therefore,the lighting performance of W1 greenhouse is better than that of W2 greenhouse.

关 键 词：新型温室 太阳能截获量 光照强度 采光性能 

分 类 号：S625[农业科学—园艺学]