农业基因工程微生物及其安全性风险评价  

Agricultural Genetically Engineered Microorganisms and Their Safety Risk Assessment

作　　者：刘悦 李青超[1] 兰英 赵秀梅[1] 刘洋[1] 王立达[1] 闫锋[1] 韩业辉[1] LIU Yue;LI Qingchao;LAN Ying;ZHAO Xiumei;LIU Yang;WANG Lida;YAN Feng;HAN Yehui(Qiqihar Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qiqihar 161006,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院齐齐哈尔分院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2023年第7期122-126,136,共6页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：齐齐哈尔市科技局农业攻关项目(CNYGG2023027);黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目(CZKYF2023-1-B012,CZKYF2021-2-C016);齐齐哈尔市科学技术计划重点项目(ZDGG-202207);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项子课题(XDA28130504)。

摘　　要：随着分子生物学等技术手段的发展,具有特定功能的基因工程微生物被不断深入研究,基因工程微生物的安全性问题逐渐成为全球研究的焦点,风险评价在基因工程微生物的安全性分析及研究过程中至关重要。本文对农业基因工程微生物的分类,包括基因工程微生物农药(杀虫微生物、防病微生物)、基因工程微生物肥料及其发展现状进行概述;同时从基因工程微生物自身特点、基因转移、扩散及对生态环境影响等方面存在的安全性风险进行综述;另外也从受体微生物、基因操作过程及对基因改造后遗传工程菌的安全性风险评价方面开展了讨论,以期为基因工程微生物的安全管理提供可靠依据。With the development of molecular biology and other technical means,genetically engineered microorganisms with specific functions have been deeply studied,and the safety of genetically engineered microorganisms has gradually become the focus of global research.Evaluation of risk is crucial in the safety analysis and research process of genetically engineered microorganisms.This article provided an overview of the classification of genetically engineered microorganisms in agriculture,including genetically engineered microbial pesticides(insecticidal microorganisms,disease prevention microorganisms),genetically engineered microbial fertilizers,and their current development status;At the same time,a review was provided on the safety risks of genetically engineered microorganisms in terms of their own characteristics,gene transfer,diffusion,and impact on the ecological environment;In addition,discussions were also conducted on the safety risk assessment of recipient microorganisms,gene manipulation processes,and genetically modified genetically engineered bacteria,in order to provide reliable basis for the safety management of genetically engineered microorganisms.

关 键 词：基因工程微生物 安全性风险 风险评价 

分 类 号：S188[农业科学—农业基础科学]