典型含能化合物毒性研究进展与展望  

Research Progress of Toxicology of Typical Energetic Compounds

作　　者：吕小强 刘志永 李存治 邓辉 高俊宏 LÜXiao-qiang;LIU zhi-yong;LI Cun-zhi;DENG Hui;GAO Jun-hong(Toxicology Research Center,Institute for Hygiene of Ordnance Industry,Xi′an 710065,China;Xi′an Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Biological Effect,Xi′an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]兵器工业卫生研究所毒理技术研究中心,陕西西安710065 [2]西安市毒理与生物效应重点实验室,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《含能材料》2023年第7期729-740,共12页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

基　　金：陕西省创新能力支撑计划,毒理学安全性评价GLP实验室平台建设研究(2023-CX-PT-05)。

摘　　要：以2,4,6-三硝基甲苯(TNT)为代表的典型含能化合物存在多种毒性效应,严重威胁生产作业相关人员生命健康。为全面了解各种典型含能化合物的毒性效应,梳理总结了TNT、黑索金(RDX)、奥克托今(HMX)、六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)、1,1-二氨基-2,2-二硝基乙烯(FOX-7)、2,4-二硝基苯甲醚(DNAN)、3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮(NTO)、1,1′-二羟基-5,5′-联四唑二羟胺盐(HATO)及二硝酰胺铵(ADN)共9种常见典型含能化合物的哺乳动物急性毒性数据,并综述其主要毒性效应,指出TNT具有遗传毒性,致癌性,生殖毒性等多种毒性效应,可导致贫血、晶状体异常和白内障等中毒病症。CL-20具有遗传毒性,可诱导脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)氧化损伤及突变。RDX和HMX为神经毒性物质,可诱发癫痫等神经中毒症状。NTO、ADN和FOX-7具有较强生殖毒性,可损伤雄性生殖系统。DNAN与HATO具有免疫系统毒性,可干扰淋巴细胞水平,损伤脾脏。同时提出未来应该深入研究含能化合物的毒性作用机制,加强含能化合物毒性防护技术研究,探究新型含能化合物的毒性作用及多含能化合物间的联合毒性效应。The typical energetic compounds represented by 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene(TNT)have multiple toxic effects,which seri-ously threaten the life and health of of production personnel.In order to comprehensively understand the toxic effects of various typical energetic compounds,TNT,cyclotrimethylene trinitramine(RDX),cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine(HMX),hexani-trohexaazaisowoodane(CL-20),1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene(FOX-7),2,4-dinitroanisole(DNAN),3-nitro-1,2,4-tri-azol-5-one(NTO),1,1′-dihydroxy-5,5′-bitetrazole dihydroxylamine salt(HATO)and ammonium dinitamide(ADN)9 com-mon typical energy compounds in mammals,and their main toxic effects were reviewed.It was pointed out that TNT has geno-toxicity,carcinogenicity,reproductive toxicity and other toxic effects,which can lead to anemia,lens abnormalities,cataracts and other toxic diseases.CL-20 with genetic toxicity,can induce deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)oxidative damage and mutation.RDX and HMX are neurotoxic substances and can induce neurotoxic symptoms such as epilepsy.NTO,ADN and FOX-7 have strong reproductive toxicity and can damage the male reproductive system.DNAN and HATO have immune system toxicity,can interfere withlymphocyte levels and damage the spleen.At the same time,it is suggested that the toxic mechanism of energetic compounds should be further studied in the future.Strengthen the research of toxic protection technology of energetic com-pounds,explore the toxic effect of new energetic compounds and the combined toxic effect of multi-energetic compounds.

关 键 词：含能化合物 急性毒性 遗传毒性 生殖发育毒性 神经毒性 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] R99[医药卫生—毒理学]