地月空间安全保障的当代国际法挑战与中国对策  

Contemporary Challenges to International Law and China’s Response in Ensuring the Security and Safety of Cislunar Space

作　　者：聂明岩 NIE Mingyan(College of Humanities and Social Sciences,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,Jiangsu 211106,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学人文与社会科学学院,江苏南京211106

出　　处：《南京航空航天大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第3期86-93,共8页Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics（Social Sciences）

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(ND2023009)。

摘　　要：随着新一轮月球竞赛的兴起,地球静止轨道之上直至月球的地月空间的战略地位受到高度重视。以美国为代表的空间强国通过推出单边措施及发起“小圈子”多边合作的方式,分别从地月空间军事利用、私人实体对月球及天体资源商业开采、地月空间与月球活动秩序塑造等方面进行布局,对地月空间安全造成了威胁。以1967年《外空条约》和1979年《月球协定》为代表的国际条约虽适用于地月空间安全保障,但存在对外空和月球及天体和平利用规定的“双轨制”、对私人实体开采月球及天体资源规定不清晰以及对地月空间及月球活动秩序规定的缺失等问题。我国探月工程取得了巨大成就,从未来发展角度看,我国应细化“人类命运共同体”理论的指导意义以适应地月空间安全保障的特殊性;修改《PPWT草案》,纳入地月空间安全保障内容,构建“硬法”与“软法”结合的综合性框架;此外,应在中、俄国际月球科研站项目基础上,推动制定多边地月空间及月球活动秩序保障规则。With a new round of race to the moon on the rise,the strategic position of Cislunar space between the Geostationary Orbit and the Moon is highly valued.The major space-faring powers led by the United States have introduced unilateral measures and initiated“small clique”multilateral cooperation,distributing their power over the military use of Cislunar space,private entities’commercial exploitation of lunar and celestial re-sources,the order of Cislunar space and lunar activity,and other areas,thus posing a threat to Cislunar space se-curity.Although the international treaties represented by the Outer Space Treaty of 1967 and the Moon Agree-ment of 1979 are applicable to the security of Cislunar space,there are unclear provisions on the“dual-track sys-tem”of provisions on the peaceful use of outer space and the Moon(as well as celestial bodies)and the exploita-tion of lunar and celestial resources by private entities,and the lack of provisions on the order of Cislunar space and lunar activities.Great strides are made in the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program,but for future develop-ment,we need to further clarify the idea of“a community with a shared future for mankind”,and specify the“PPWT Draft”(Draft Treaty on the Prevention of the Placement of Weapons in Outer Space and of the Threat or Use of Force against Outer Space Objects)by incorporating content like Cislunar space security guarantee to create a legal framework combining both hard laws and soft laws.In addition,based on the China-Russia Inter-national Lunar Research Station project(ILRS),we need to promote the formulation of multilateral rules to en-sure the order of Cislunar space and lunar activities.

关 键 词：月球竞赛 地月空间安全 国际法保障 中国对策 

分 类 号：D999.1[政治法律—国际法学]