劳动智能化改善了劳动者就业质量吗?  

Does Labor Intelligence Improve the Quality of Laborer Employment?

作　　者：明娟 鲍翔宇 张艺[1] MING Juan;BAO Xiang-yu;ZHANG Yi(School of Economics,Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou 510520,Guangdong,China;Key Laboratory of Digital Economy and Data Governance,Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou 510520,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]广东工业大学经济学院,广东广州510520 [2]广东工业大学数字经济与数据治理重点实验室,广东广州510520

出　　处：《西部论坛》2023年第3期1-14,共14页West Forum

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学规划项目2022年一般项目(GD22CYJ23);国家社会科学基金后期资助一般项目(22FJYB045);广东省哲学社会科学创新工程2022年度特别委托项目(GD22TWCXGC11)。

摘　　要：劳动智能化不仅提高了劳动效率和生产质量,而且对劳动者的就业状态产生了深远影响。采用中国劳动力动态调查(CLDS)2018年个体问卷数据的分析发现:相比劳动还未智能化的劳动者,劳动智能化的劳动者具有较高的就业质量,经过内生性处理和稳健性检验后该结论依然成立;劳动智能化有利于劳动者的工资增长,但对劳动者工作条件的影响不显著,表明劳动智能化主要是通过提高劳动报酬来提升样本个体的就业质量;劳动智能化对不同类型劳动者就业质量的影响存在显著差异,表现为对男性劳动者、35岁及以下劳动者、高技能劳动者的就业质量改善作用较强;劳动智能化对就业质量的改善受到劳动者非认知能力的调节,即劳动者非认知能力的提高会强化劳动智能化的就业质量改善效应。因此,在积极推进劳动智能化的同时,要不断提升劳动者技能水平和非认知能力以增强劳动者的智能化适应能力,还应特别重视劳动者工作条件的改善以充分发挥劳动智能化改善工作条件的潜在功效。Intelligent technology is an important force in labor production and is conducive to improving employment quality.However,the existing literature on the impact of labor intelligence on employment quality and its mechanism is insufficient.This paper argues that labor intelligence can improve employment quality by improving workers’non-cognitive ability,and it presents heterogeneity depending on workers’age,gender,and skill level.This paper uses the China Labor Force Dynamics Survey(CLDS)data to conduct an empirical study,and the results show that(1)labor intelligence has a significant positive impact on employment quality.Labor intelligence improves the employment quality of workers,and the conclusion remains robust after endogenous processing and robustness tests;(2)labor intelligence has a heterogeneous effect on employment quality.Compared with female workers,labor intelligence has a more obvious effect on improving the employment quality of male workers.In different age groups,labor intelligence has a greater effect on the improvement of the employment quality of workers aged 35 and below.In different skill groups,labor intelligence plays a greater role in improving the employment quality of highly skilled workers;(3)further analysis of the moderating effect shows that non-cognitive ability plays a positive moderating role in the relationship between labor intelligence and employment quality,indicating that the improvement of non-cognitive ability strengthens the role of labor intelligence in improving employment quality.Compared with the existing literature,this paper discusses the influence of labor intelligence on employment quality,and provides empirical evidence for the mechanism and heterogeneity of labor intelligence in improving employment quality.The possible innovations of this paper are as follows:firstly,unlike existing literature,which mainly analyzes the impact of intelligence on employment and wages from the macro level,this paper uses CLDS individual questionnaire data to analyze the impact

关 键 词：劳动智能化 就业质量 货币收入 工作条件 劳动技能 非认知能力 智能化劳动 

分 类 号：F062.4[经济管理—政治经济学] F24