坡度变化对原状黄土雨滴溅蚀特征的影响  

Effects of slope degree change on raindrop splash erosion characteristics of undisturbed loess

作　　者：邱明明 赵艳秋 周占江 赵霞玉 郭富杭 QIU Mingming;ZHAO Yanqiu;ZHOU Zhanjiang;ZHAO Xiayu;GUO Fuhang(School of Architectural Engineering,Yan an University,Yan an 716000,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]延安大学建筑工程学院,陕西延安716000

出　　处：《世界地质》2023年第2期327-333,350,共8页World Geology

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划资助项目(2020ZDLSF06-03);陕西省教育厅服务地方专项计划项目(21JC035);延安市重点研发计划项目(2019ZCSY-006);延安大学科研计划资助项目(CXY202006,YDY2020-36);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202110719009)联合资助。

摘　　要：为明确坡度变化对原状黄土雨滴溅蚀特征的影响,笔者利用自主设计的人工模拟雨滴溅蚀试验平台,开展不同雨径和雨强条件下原状黄土溅蚀演变规律试验研究,分析地表坡度变化与土体溅蚀程度的关联性特征。结果表明,溅蚀坑深度随降雨历时呈指数函数型增长,约40 min后逐渐趋于稳定;溅蚀深度随雨强增大近似呈线性增长;雨径大小对溅蚀范围影响显著,溅蚀破坏直径与溅蚀扩散直径随雨强增大而增加,溅蚀扩散直径D约为溅蚀破坏直径D_(0)的2.0~3.5倍;溅蚀坑形状随坡度增加由近似“圆形”发展为沿坡度方向的“沟槽形”,溅蚀坑深度随坡度增加呈线性衰减;水平方向溅蚀范围随坡度增加呈减小趋势,坡度方向溅蚀范围呈增大趋势,且坡度方向溅蚀破坏范围明显大于水平方向。In order to clarify the influence of slope degree change on raindrop splash erosion characteristics of undisturbed loess,the self-designed test platform of artificial simulated raindrop splash erosion was used to carry out the experimental research on the evolution rules of undisturbed loess splash erosion under different rain diameters and intensities,and the correlation characteristics between the change of surface slope degree and the degree of soil splash erosion have been analyzed.The results show that the depth of splash pit increases exponentially with rainfall time,and gradually stabilizes after about 40 minutes.The splash erosion depth increases approximately linearly with the rain intensity.The rain diameter has a significant influence on the splash erosion range,the splash damage diameter and splash diffusion diameter increase with the increase of rain intensity,and the splash diffusion diameter D is about 2.0~3.5 times of the splash damage diameter D_(0).As the slope degree increases,the shape of the splashing pit develops from an approximate“circle”to a“groove”along the direction of slope,while the depth of splashing pit decreases approximately linearly.The range of horizontal splash erosion decreases with the increase of slope degree,the splash erosion range of slope direction shows an increasing trend,and the splash damage range of slope direction is obviously larger than that of horizontal direction.

关 键 词：边坡工程 原状黄土 雨滴 溅蚀特征 坡度变化 影响规律 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学] TU444[农业科学—农业基础科学]