在场与疏离:“甲戌风灾”下的粤港澳社会治理  

Presence and Absence:Social Governance in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Region during the“Catastrophic Typhoon of 1874”

作　　者：顾春军[1] GU Chunjun

机构地区：[1]珠海城市职业技术学院人文学院,广东珠海519090

出　　处：《深圳社会科学》2023年第4期26-37,64,共13页Social Sciences in Shenzhen

基　　金：教育部规划基金项目“香山碑刻文献整理与研究”(22YJA870009)。

摘　　要：同治十三年的“甲戌风灾”,给粤港澳地区带来了巨大的生命财产损失。是年同治皇帝病重,朝廷政局动荡。两广总督瑞麟病逝,主持地方政务的张兆栋救灾乏力,故清政府赈灾流于形式,晚清政府财政枯竭,故在善后事宜上亦无能为力。由于英国、葡萄牙政府对港澳民众权益的漠视,故风灾善后及救助均无所作为。随着港澳民间慈善组织的兴起,赈灾救助活动,在香港地区有赖于东华医院,而澳门地区则有赖于镜湖医院;由于晚清政府对民间组织的管控,粤省的民间慈善组织面对风灾基本无所作为。在信息发布方面,香港地区、澳门地区均能把受灾情况通过报纸发布出去,对人口损失和建筑物受损等情况,能给予较为清晰的数字统计;受限于通讯条件,粤省则无准确数字发布。香港地区、澳门地区政府均在灾后汲取教训,改进基础设施,提升防灾能力,而粤省则见不到改进的办法。甲戌风灾后的赈灾活动,反映了粤港澳三地的社会治理情形,也给当下的赈灾以借鉴。随着国家现代化的进程,传统的慈善行为已经远远不能满足社会期待,要建立基本社会保障制度;赈灾坚持政府主导的同时,也要善于发挥民间力量,把自然灾害带来的损失最小化;救灾以预防为先,加强基础设施建设,做好灾难的预防工作,灾后消息发布要公开透明。The“Catastrophic Typhoon of 1874”in the 13th year of the Tongzhi reign brought tremendous loss of life and property to the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao region.The governments of Hong Kong Region and Macao Region learned lessons from the disaster and improved their infrastructure to enhance disaster preparedness.In contrast,Guangdong Province did not show any improvement measures.The relief activities following the Catastrophic Typhoon of 1874 reflected social governance in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao region and provided valuable insights for current disaster relief efforts.With the development of national modernization,traditional charitable acts alone are far from sufficient to meet societal expectations.It is necessary to establish a basic social security system.While government leadership should be maintained in disaster relief efforts,it is also important to harness civil prowess to minimize the losses caused by natural disasters.Disaster relief should prioritize prevention,strengthen infrastructure construction,and effectively carry out disaster prevention work.Post-disaster information release should be transparent and open.

关 键 词：甲戌风灾 粤港澳 政府救助 民间慈善 社会治理 

分 类 号：F291/297[经济管理—国民经济] C916[社会学]