中国“揭榜挂帅”活动计量分析与制度优化  

Measurement Analysis and Effectiveness-Improving of China’s“Jie Bang Gua Shuai”

作　　者：石晓军[1,2] 付士洋 谭松涛 SHI Xiaojun;FU Shiyang;TAN Songtao

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学财政金融学院,北京100872 [2]中国财政金融政策研究中心,北京100872

出　　处：《深圳社会科学》2023年第4期38-50,共13页Social Sciences in Shenzhen

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“构建金融有效支持实体经济着力点的体制机制研究”(21AZD028)。

摘　　要：在项目层面上对我国地方“揭榜挂帅”活动进行初步分析,发现地方“揭榜挂帅”项目周期通常为2-3年,政府补贴占比小于30%的项目超过项目数的60%;发榜项目主要集中于新材料、智能制造、装备制造、乡村振兴、生物医疗和信息技术六大领域;发榜方主要是企业,揭榜方以高校占比最大,以省内揭榜为主,基本上还是本地行为;揭榜率在不同地区存在较大差异,发榜项目多的地区可能出现揭榜率低的问题。初步证据表明,中国“揭榜挂帅”制度的关键功能是更充分地披露地方科研攻关需求,提高了科研攻关需求和供给的匹配水平,降低了科研任务搜寻成本,减少了全社会科研能力搁置的非效率。对我国地方“揭榜挂帅”活动当量的初步计量分析表明:不发达地区“揭榜挂帅”反而更活跃;当地财政对研发的影响力度是决定“揭榜挂帅”活跃度的关键因素,“揭榜挂帅”能提高用于研发的财政资金配置效率;金融支持“揭榜挂帅”的潜力还有待开发。中国“揭榜挂帅”制度存在三个不足:政府力量明显,制度设置单一,资金活力不足。提出优化建议:第一,设立全国性平台,对我国“揭榜挂帅”制度的关键要素进行适当调整;第二,财政启动,中期进度转为贷款激励,解决持续激励和市场化导向的问题;第三,鼓励较发达地区更好地发挥“财政+金融”合力,将“揭榜挂帅”更好地融入本地科技创新体系,发挥其独特作用。We perform a preliminary analysis of local“Jie Bang Gua Shuai”activities in China at the project level in this paper.The typical duration of local“Jie Bang Gua Shuai”projects lasts 2-3 years,and that projects with government subsidies accounting for less than 30%of the total financing amounts exceed 60%.The projects posted for solutions focus on six fields:new materials,intelligent manufacturing,equipment manufacturing,rural revitalization,biomedical and information technology.Businesses make up the majority of the question-posting party,while universities make up the majority of the solution-providing party.The posting is primarily made public within the province,and thus“Jie Bang Gua Shuai”activities remain largely local.The answering rate(also known as the bidding ratio),or the ratio of solution provision to question posting,varies greatly across regions.Regions with a higher number of postings have a lower response rate.According to our findings,the primary function of China’s“Jie Bang Gua Shuai”is to more fully disclose local research needs,improve the matching of research needs and supply,lower the cost of research-tasks searching,and reduce the inefficiency of the nation’s idle research capacity.

关 键 词：揭榜挂帅 财政金融配合 揭榜率 科技创新 

分 类 号：F832[经济管理—金融学] F126.2