从“自由”概念的历史演变反思新自由主义治理困境——以英国教育罢工为例  

Reflecting on the Dilemma of Neoliberalism Governance from the Historical Evolution of the Concept of Freedom——Taking British Strike by Teachers as An Example

作　　者：姜静 JIANG Jing

机构地区：[1]郑州大学历史学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《深圳社会科学》2023年第4期139-149,共11页Social Sciences in Shenzhen

基　　金：河南省高校人文社会科学一般项目“昆廷·斯金纳历史理论研究”(2023-ZZJH-188)。

摘　　要：英国实行新自由主义经济政策以来,频繁出现罢工、工会运动低迷、贫富分化加剧,社会严重分裂。这些社会危机表明,英国正面临着一些难以摆脱的弊病和治理困境。尤其在英国教育领域,治理困境愈益凸显。这一系列问题实际上是英国社会冲突和治理困境在教育领域的具体表现,既反映了当代英国国家治理遇到了难以解决的社会痼疾,也暴露了以个人权利为基石的新自由主义政治哲学与实践政策的流弊。政治实践与政治哲学、政治概念之间存在着复杂的互动关系,概念变化和政治革新常同步进行,当政治实践面临深刻危机时,政治概念也面临着重新阐释。“剑桥学派”领军人物昆廷·斯金纳挖掘、追溯了新罗马自由理论在英国政治思想史上的产生和传承,以挑战新自由主义哲学对“自由”概念的单维解读。新自由主义哲学强调,“自由”就是免于干涉,国家应让位于市场,主张限制国家干预,提倡市场化和私有化。英国新自由主义改革推动教育市场化和私有化,加强教育体系中的支配性权力关系,结果导致教育主体间矛盾凸显。新罗马自由理论则指出,“自由”就是免于依附或免于依赖他人的专断意志,为反思当代英国新自由主义的“自由”观及治理困境提供了思想资源。Since the implementation of the Neoliberalism economic policy in contemporary Britain,strikes have occurred frequently,the trade union movement has been depressed,the polarization between the rich and the poor has intensified,and the society has been seriously divided.These social crises show that Britain is facing some ills and governance dilemmas from which it is hard to escape.Especially in the UK education sector,the governance dilemma has become increasingly prominent.In fact,these problems are the concrete manifestations of social conflicts and governance dilemmas in the field of education in the UK.They not only reflect the intractable social malfunctions encountered by national governance in contemporary British,but also expose the disadvantages of the Neoliberalism political philosophy and practical policies based on individual rights.There is a complex interaction between political practice,political philosophy and political concept,and conceptual change and political innovation often go hand in hand.Quentin Skinner,a leading figure of the“Cambridge School”,explored and traced the emergence and inheritance of The Neo-Roman Theory of Liberty in the history of British political thought,in order to challenge the one-dimensional interpretation of the concept of“freedom”in the Neoliberalism philosophy.The British Neoliberalism reform promoted educational marketization and privatization,and strengthened the dominant power relationship in the education system,resulting in prominent contradictions among education subjects.The Neo-Roman Theory of Liberty points out that“freedom”is free from dependence on the arbitrary will of others,which provides ideological resources for the reflection of contemporary British Neoliberalism’s view of“freedom”and governance dilemma.

关 键 词：“自由”概念 昆廷·斯金纳 新自由主义 治理困境 新罗马自由理论 

分 类 号：K102[历史地理—历史学]