施氮量耦合密度对塔额垦区滴灌甜菜产量与品质的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Application Rate and Planting Density Coupling on Yield and Quality of Drip-irrigated Sugar Beet in Ta′e Reclamation Area

作　　者：崔瑜 刘燕 和海秀 白如霄 CUI Yu;LIU Yan;HE Haixiu;BAI Ruxiao(Institute of Agricultural Sciences(Institute of Animal Science),The Ninth Division,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Tacheng Xinjiang 834601,China;Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences,Shihezi Xinjiang 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆生产建设兵团第九师农业科学研究所(畜牧科学研究所),新疆塔城834601 [2]新疆农垦科学院,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2023年第8期1194-1204,共11页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：兵团重点领域科技攻关计划(2018AB036);新疆生产建设兵团第九师科技攻关(2020JS015,2020JS001,2022JS001)。

摘　　要：为探索适用于干旱区滴灌甜菜的施氮量及种植密度,于2020-2021年在新疆塔额盆地进行3个施氮量[低氮60 kg/hm^(2)(N1)、中氮180 kg/hm^(2)(N2)、高氮270 kg/hm^(2)和3个种植密度[高密度13.3万株/hm^(2)(D1)、中密度11.3万株/hm^(2)(D2)、低密度9.6万株/hm^(2)的双因素大田试验,研究施氮量与密度互作对滴灌甜菜生长、叶片光合特性及产量品质的影响。结果表明,甜菜的单株根质量、块根产量和糖产量均随施氮量增加而增加,但随种植密度增加而降低。与低氮低密处理(N1D3)相比,高氮低密处理(N3D3)的单株根质量、块根产量和糖产量显著提高63.48%、32.81%、22.11%。虽然增加施氮量和种植密度使甜菜在生育期内的叶面积指数和干物质积累量显著增加,但显著降低出苗后90 d和120 d冠层的总叶绿素含量(Chl)及RubisCO活性,使冠层的净光合速率及气孔导度显著低于低密度处理。而高施氮量处理(N3)与中施氮量(N2)之间的光合特性的差异不显著。综上所述,在干旱区滴灌甜菜种植过程中,建议的种植密度和施氮量分别为9.6万株/hm^(2)和180 kg/hm^(2),该施氮量和种植密度可通过提高冠层光合色素含量和光合碳同化过程增加单株根质量和块根产量。This study aimed to explore the suitable nitrogen application rate and planting density for drip-irrigated sugar beet in arid areas,we conducted a field experiment with three nitrogen application rates(60 kg/hm^(2)(N1),180 kg/hm^(2)(N2)and 270 kg/hm^(2)(N3))and three planting densities(133000 plants/hm^(2)(D1),113000 plants/hm^(2)(D2)and 96000 plants/hm^(2)(D3))in Ta′e basin of Xinjiang from^(2)020 to 2021,and we analyzed the effects of nitrogen application rate and planting density on growth,photosynthetic characteristics,yield and quality of drip-irrigated sugar beet.The results showed that the root mass per plant,root yield and sugar yield of sugar beet increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate,but decreased with the increase of planting density.Compared with low nitrogen application and low-density treatment(N1D3),the root mass per plant,root yield and sugar yield of sugar beet in high nitrogen application and low-density treatment(N3D3)significantly increased by 63.48%,32.81%and 22.11%,respectively.Although increasing nitrogen application rate and planting density significantly increased the leaf area index(LAI)and dry matter accumulation of sugar beet during the growth period,the chlorophyll content(Chl)and RubisCO activity of canopy at 90 and 120 days after emergence were significantly reduced,and the net photosynthetic rate(P n)and stomatal conductance(G s)were significantly lower than those under low-density treatment.However,there was no significant difference in photosynthetic indexes between high nitrogen application treatment(N3)and medium nitrogen application treatment(N2).Based on this study,we recommended planting density of 96000 plants/hm^(2) and nitrogen application rate of 180 kg/hm^(2) for drip-irrigated sugar beet in arid areas.These recommendations have been found to increase root mass per plant and root yield by increasing the pigment content of canopy and enhancing the photosynthetic carbon assimilation process.With these optimized planting density and nitrogen applicatio

关 键 词：滴灌甜菜 施氮量 种植密度 光合作用 

分 类 号：S566.3[农业科学—作物学]