尼帕病毒性脑炎流行病学与防控研究现状  

Research Progress on Epidemiology and Control of Nipah Virus Encephalitis

作　　者：胡云皓 门立强[1] 吴好庭[1] 刘绯[1] 王嘉[1] 翟天舒 万建青[1] 毛娅卿[1] Hu Yunhao;Men Liqiang;Wu Haoting;Liu Fei;Wang Jia;Zhai Tianshu;Wan Jianqing;Mao Yaqing(China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国兽医药品监察所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国动物检疫》2023年第7期75-80,共6页China Animal Health Inspection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD 1800500)。

摘　　要：尼帕病毒性脑炎(Nipah virus encephalitis,NVE)是一种新发的人兽共患病,可引起致命性脑炎,发病率和致死率极高,主要流行于东南亚和西太平洋地区。果蝠为该病的天然宿主,可将病毒通过动物媒介传播至人,引发人际传播。近年来,马来西亚、新加坡、孟加拉国、菲律宾和印度等国都暴发了NVE。该病病原天然宿主分布广泛,尚无批准的疫苗或治疗药物,因此具有全球大流行的风险。该病无典型的临床特征,这大大增加了防控难度。在流行地区进行常规监测和对从流行地区返回人员进行及时检测,可以有效遏制NVE传播;加强对该病流行病学及相关传播风险因素研究以及生物安全防控、实验室诊断、疫苗免疫等防控措施研究,对防止NVE传入和及时控制其在国内的暴发至关重要。Nipah virus encephalitis(NVE)is an emerging zoonotic disease that can cause fatal encephalitis with high morbidity and mortality,and is mainly prevalent in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific region.The virus takes fruit bats as its natural reservoir,and can be transmitted through animals to human,causing human-to-human transmission.In recent years,the outbreaks of NVE have occurred in Bangladesh,Malaysia,Singapore,Philippines,India and other countries.Due to wide distribution of its natural hosts,no any licensed vaccine or effective drug has been available,posing a risk of global prevalence.No typical clinical characteristics are found in the disease,which makes it more difficult to be prevented and controlled,but its transmission could be effectively controlled through routine surveillance in infected areas and timely examination of persons from these areas.It might be crucial to prevent any introduction of NVE or control its outbreak in China through strengthening researches on the epidemiology and related risk factors,as well as the control measures including bio-safety prevention and control,laboratory diagnosis,vaccination,etc.

关 键 词：尼帕病毒性脑炎 人兽共患病 流行病学 风险因素 

分 类 号：S851.3[农业科学—预防兽医学]