固体废物中重金属的固化/稳定化技术研究进展  

Review on solidification/stabilization of heavy metals in solid waste

作　　者：曾映达 程银汉 瞿广飞[1] 吴缓缓 解若松 杨玉益 李应丽 陈伊婷 徐尤枭 ZENG Yingda;CHENG Yinhan;QU Guangfei;WU Huanhuan;XIE Ruosong;YANG Yuyi;LI Yingli;CHEN Yiting;XU Youxiao(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming,650500,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学环境科学与工程学院,昆明650500

出　　处：《环境化学》2023年第6期2032-2047,共16页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(52000094);国家自然科学基金地区基金(51968033);国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFC1801702)资助.

摘　　要：含重金属固体废物的大量堆存不仅占用了大量的土地资源,且其中的重金属元素将会在地表径流冲刷、雨水淋溶、风化等作用下浸出从而对周遭环境生态造成巨大威胁.固化;稳定化处理技术能够降低固体废物中重金属的浸出毒性或是生物有效性,是应对固体废物重金属环境污染的重要技术手段.本文首先简要介绍了固化;稳定化技术的概念及效果评价方法,再结合近年来相关研究总结了现阶段常用的固化;稳定化技术的研究进展,包括水泥基固化;稳定化技术,地质聚合物基固化;稳定化技术,化学药剂稳定化技术以及微生物诱导矿化稳定化技术.总结了各项技术的优点及存在的不足,并针对未来重金属固化;稳定化技术的发展提出了一定的看法.The massive accumulation of solid waste containing heavy metals not only occupies a large amount of land resources,but also the heavy metal elements contained in solid waste will be leached out under the action of surface runoff erosion,rainwater leaching,weathering,and so on,which will pose a huge threat to the surrounding environment and ecology.The solidification;stabilization treatment technology can reduce the leaching toxicity or bioavailability of heavy metals in solid waste,and it’s an important technical means to deal with the environmental pollution of heavy metals in solid waste.First of all,this paper briefly introduces the concept and effect evaluation method of solidification;stabilization technology,and then summarizes the research progress of solidification;stabilization technology commonly used at the present stage,including cement-based solidification;stabilization technology,geopolymer-based solidification;stabilization technology,chemical agents stabilization technology and microbial-induced mineralization stabilization technology.The advantages and disadvantages of each technology are summarized,and some opinions are put forward for the development of solidification;stabilization technology in the future.

关 键 词：固体废物 重金属 浸出毒性 固化 稳定化 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]