航天诱变小麦突变体籽粒表型分析和真实性鉴定  

Grain Phenotype Analysis and Authenticity Identification of Space Induced Wheat Mutants

作　　者：张福彦[1] 朱保磊 陈晓杰[1] 王嘉欢 程仲杰[1] 范家霖[1] 张建伟[1] ZHANG Fuyan;ZHU Baolei;CHEN Xiaojie;WANG Jiahuan;CHENG Zhongjie;FAN Jialin;ZHANG Jianwei(Isotope Institute Co.,Ltd.,Henan Academy of Sciences,Henan Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450015,China;Xinyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinyang 464000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省科学院同位素研究所有限责任公司,河南省核农学重点实验室,河南郑州450015 [2]信阳市农业科学院,河南信阳464000

出　　处：《华北农学报》2023年第3期61-68,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：河南省小麦产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(HARS-22-01-Z1);河南省重点研发与推广专项(科技攻关)(232102110209);河南省科学院基本科研业务专项(220604057);省部共建小麦玉米作物学国家重点实验室开放课题(30500884)。

摘　　要：为探究航天诱变小麦突变体的真伪,以实践十号卫星搭载创制的周麦18 SP5突变群体为材料,对其籽粒表型进行分析,同时采用42对SSR标记和55K SNP芯片技术对籽粒表型差异较为显著的4个突变体进行真实性鉴定。籽粒表型分析发现,突变群体的千粒质量、粒长差异显著,其中千粒质量变异最为丰富,粒宽差异不显著,且突变群体的平均粒长、粒宽和千粒质量均显著高于野生型,说明航天诱变的有益突变频率较高。SSR标记鉴定发现,突变体ZM18-112与野生型的差异标记为18个,多态性比例高达42.85%,而ZM18-105、ZM18-26和ZM18-7与其野生型的差异标记均不超过3个。SNP芯片鉴定发现,ZM18-112与野生型的差异SNP位点所占比例高达13.3012%,而其他3个突变体与野生型的差异SNP位点所占比例不超过0.7689%。认为突变体ZM18-112是由于异花授粉或机械混杂产生的假突变体,而ZM18-105、ZM18-26和ZM18-7与野生型的遗传背景基本一致,是经过航天诱变而产生的真实突变体。In order to explore the authenticity of spaceflight induced wheat mutants,the Zhoumai 18 SP5 mutant population created by the Shijian 10 satellite,and used 42 pairs of SSR markers and 55K SNP chip technology to identify the authenticity of four mutants with more significant differences in grain phenotypes.Grain phenotypic analysis revealed that the mutant population differed significantly in thousand grains weight and grain length,with the most abundant variation in thousand grains weight and insignificant difference in grain width,and the average grain length,grain width and thousand grains weight of the mutant population were significantly higher than those of the wild type,indicating the high frequency of beneficial mutations by space flight.SSR marker identification revealed that the mutant ZM18-112 differed from the wild type by 18 markers,with a high polymorphism ratio of 42.85%,while ZM18-105,ZM18-26 and ZM18-7 differed from their wild type by no more than three markers.The SNP chip identified that the percentage of SNP loci differing between ZM18-112 and the wild type was as high as 13.3012%,while the percentage of SNP loci differing between the other three mutants and the wild type did not exceed 0.7689%.It was believed that mutant ZM18-112 was a pseudomutant due to heterogeneous pollination or mechanical mixing,while ZM18-105,ZM18-26 and ZM18-7 had essentially the same genetic background as the wild type and were real mutants that had been mutagenized by spaceflight.

关 键 词：小麦 航天诱变 籽粒表型 SSR标记 55K SNP芯片 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]