人民概念的消解、激活和重构——当代西方左翼激进民主理论的三条路径  

The Dissolution,Activation and Reconstruction of the Concept of the People——Three Paths of Contemporary Left-Wing Radical Democratic Theory in the West

作　　者：郑端 陈瑜 ZHENG Duan;CHEN Yu

机构地区：[1]复旦大学国际关系与公共政治学院,上海200433 [2]复旦大学哲学学院,上海200433

出　　处：《求是学刊》2023年第2期10-23,共14页Seeking Truth

摘　　要：哈贝马斯的商议民主、拉克劳和墨菲的竞争民主与奈格里的诸众民主是当代西方左翼激进化民主的三条代表性路径,它们都将解决西方民主危机的答案聚焦到了重新定义人民主权的“人民”。在哈贝马斯那里,“人民”消解于法律规定的程序之中,以一种强调主体间性的“交往权力”来打通民意与政治合法性的通路。与之相反,拉克劳和墨菲恰恰是要激活“人民”以争夺权力的空场,形成不同政治计划之间不断竞争的有活力的民主。而在奈格里那里,具有同质化危险的“人民”被重构为无法化约的“诸众”。这些激进民主理论的离散尝试也是阶级斗争被放弃之后左翼政治道路上的分裂。文章试图以“人民”为切入点解读三种激进民主理论,评价其积极意义及其限度。Habermas’s deliberative democracy,Laclau and Murphy’s competitive democracy and Negri’s pluralist democracy are three representative paths of contemporary Western left-wing radicalized democracy,all of which focus the answer to the crisis of Western democracy on redefining the“people”of popular sovereignty.According to Habermas,the“people”is dissolved in the procedures prescribed by law,and the pathway between public opinion and political legitimacy is opened by a“power of communication”that emphasizes intersubjectivity.In contrast,Laclau and Murphy seek to activate the empty field of the“people”in order to compete for power,creating a dynamic democracy of constant competition between different political schemes.In Negri’s case,the“people”with the danger of homogenization is reconstructed as an irreducible“multitudes”.These discrete attempts at radical democratic theory also represent a split in the political path of the left wing after the abandonment of class struggle.This article attempts to interpret the three theories of radical democracy through the lens of“the people”and assess their positive significance and limits.

关 键 词：激进民主 人民 商议民主 竞争民主 诸众 

分 类 号：D082[政治法律—政治学]