网络“聚量性”侮辱诽谤行为的刑法评价  

Criminal Evaluation of “Aggregative” Insult and Defamation on the Internet

作　　者：于冲[1] YU Chong

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学刑事司法学院

出　　处：《中国法律评论》2023年第3期87-98,共12页China Law Review

基　　金：司法部2019年度“国家法治与法学理论研究”课题《大数据视阙下犯罪记录利用与管理制度研究》(19SFB3019)成果之一。

摘　　要：网络“聚量性”侮辱诽谤行为的提出,旨在从刑法教义学层面形塑、解构网络暴力,将作为网络暴力主要体现形式的网络侮辱诽谤行为进行类型化的规范探究。同传统侮辱诽谤犯罪相比,网络侮辱诽谤犯罪体现出“聚量性”特征,这种聚量性体现为网络侮辱诽谤的聚众效应、溢出效应和网暴效应。其中,溢出效应和网暴效应都是源于聚众效应的异化形态。聚众效应体现网络侮辱诽谤犯罪向聚众犯罪的异化,对于确定积极参加者等不同主体的责任类型具有指导意义;溢出效应体现为网络侮辱诽谤犯罪对社会秩序等关联法益的侵害,对此应明确侮辱罪、诽谤罪同寻衅滋事罪的适用界限;网暴效应强调侮辱诽谤行为内容扩散及其危害结果扩散,以此为依据确定行为人承担责任的范围与边界。网络“聚量性”侮辱诽谤罪的刑法评价,应在全新审视其异化特征的基础上,对于情节严重标准、公诉程序的启动等问题进行差异化的教义学解读与规范化回应。The introduction of “aggregative” insult and defamation on the internet aims to shape and deconstruct cyber violence from the perspective of criminal law doctrine,and to explore the typification of network insult and defamation,which is the main form of cyber violence.Compared with traditional insult and defamation crimes,network insult and defamation crimes embody the “aggregative” characteristics,which are manifested as the crowd effect,overflow effect and network violence effect.Among them,the overflow effect and network violence effect are the alienated forms of the crowd effect.The crowd effect embodies the alienation of network insult and defamation from the crime of crowd,and has guiding significance for determining the types of responsibility of different subjects such as active participants.The overflow effect manifests as the infringement of related legal interests such as social order by network insult and defamation crimes,and the application limits of insult crime,defamation crime,and provocation and troublemaking crime should be clarified for this.The network violence effect emphasizes the diffusion of the content of insult and defamation behavior and its harmful consequences,based on which the scope and boundary of the responsibility should be determined.The criminal evaluation of “aggregative” insult and defamation on the internet should be based on a fresh understanding of its alienation characteristics,and should provide differentiated doctrinal interpretation and normative responses to issues such as the severity of the circumstances and the initiation of public prosecution procedures.

关 键 词：聚量性犯罪 聚众效应 侮辱诽谤 情节严重 实质判断 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]