大型水利水电工程水沙生态环境调控研究进展  

Research progress of water-sediment and ecological environment control of large hydropower projects

作　　者：戴会超 毛劲乔[2] 蒋定国 DAI Huichao;MAO Jingqiao;JIANG Dingguo(China Three Gorges Corporation,Wuhan 430010,Hubei,China;College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]中国长江三峡集团有限公司,湖北武汉430010 [2]河海大学水利水电学院,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《水利水电技术（中英文）》2023年第5期118-125,共8页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：中国长江三峡集团有限公司科研项目资助(202003251)。

摘　　要：【目的】我国已建成三峡、溪洛渡、向家坝等大型水利水电工程,具有防洪、发电、航运、水资源配置等巨大综合效益,但同时也会使上下游水沙情势发生改变,造成水库富营养化及水华、通江湖泊与河口生态环境变化、鱼类洄游通道阻隔及鱼类生境胁迫等问题。为了明晰大型水利水电工程水沙生态环境调控的研究进展与发展趋势,【方法】系统阐述了水利水电工程影响下河流上下游典型水沙、水环境与水生态等问题的内在机理,重点分析了水利水电工程水沙生态环境调控的主要理论与关键技术。【结果】结果表明,水利水电工程水沙生态环境调控是保障流域水生态环境安全的重大需求,但以往较缺乏系统性的理论方法与核心技术支撑。【结论】需要通过多学科交叉和多技术手段,研究关键科学问题,突破卡脖子技术,为水利水电工程影响下的流域生态环境安全提供保障。[Objective]China has built many large hydropower projects such as Three Gorges,Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba projects,with comprehensive benefits of flood control,power generation,shipping,water resources allocation,etc.However,they also change the flow and sediment situation upstream and downstream of dams,resulting in eutrophication and algal blooms of reservoirs,eco-environmental change of river-connected lakes and estuaries,obstruction of fish migration and fish habitat stress.To clarify the research progress and trend of water-sediment and ecological environment regulation of large hydropower projects,[Methods]the paper systematically expounds the mechanism of typical problems of water-sediment,water environment and water ecology in upper and lower reaches under the influence of hydropower projects,and analyzes the main theories and key technologies of water-sediment and eco-environmental regulation.[Results]It is shown that the regulation of hydropower projects is an important demand to ensure the safety of water ecology and environment in basins,and there was a lack of systematic theoretical methods and key technical support in the past.[Conclusion]It is necessary to study key scientific problems and technologies through interdisciplinary and multi-technical means,so as to provide guarantee for the safety of water ecology and environment in basins under the influence of hydropower projects.

关 键 词：水利水电工程 生态环境 水沙 鱼类 调控 

分 类 号：TV145[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]