印度“改革的多边主义”的内涵与影响  

India’s“Reformed Multilateralism”:Meaning and Implications

作　　者：张甲英 赵彦云 Zhang Jiaying;Zhao Yanyun

机构地区：[1]外交学院国际关系研究所,北京100037

出　　处：《国际论坛》2023年第4期63-79,157,共18页International Forum

摘　　要：印度近年来在国际场合反复强调“改革的多边主义”,该理念由印度总理莫迪在2018年金砖国家峰会上首次提出,并逐步成为印度对外战略中的关键理念。“改革的多边主义”以联合国安理会改革为核心,目的是应对全球性挑战,主要任务是对多边国际体系进行改革,传递出民主、多元、包容的价值理念。印度自独立起就开始重视多边主义,通过参与多边主义增强国际影响力,又经过“防御的多边主义”来保障自身核心利益,近年来印度想成为联合国安理会常任理事国的心情愈加迫切,想借助多边主义改革的浪潮实现跻身世界大国的目标。印度广泛参与全球治理,在持续关注的发展议题、气候变化议题与海洋议题等领域提出新方案,并与多边国际组织及其他国家展开合作。目前来看,印度“改革的多边主义”包含全球治理改革与谋求全球领导地位的双重目的,其积极意义与局限性并存:既支持多边合作以解决共同危机,又迎合集团政治获得战略利益;既强调尊重联合国的核心地位,又渴望进阶领导者行列;既踊跃参与全球治理新规则的制定,又对部分治理领域消极回避或造成阻碍,其整体所反映的现实主义思想和工具理性思维使印度“改革的多边主义”在某种程度上变成了“有选择的多边主义”。“Reformed multilateralism,”proposed by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi at the 2018 BRICS Summit and repeatedly advocated by India in international forums in recent years,has become a key concept in India’s external strategy.Centering on the reform of the UN Security Council,the main task of“reformed multilateralism”is to reform international multilateral institutions,embodying the values of democracy,pluralism and inclusiveness.Since its independence,India has attached importance to multilateralism,expanded its international influence through multilateral participation,and advanced its core interests through“defensive multilateralism.”In recent years,India is increasingly eager to become a permanent member of the UN Security Council,and wants to ride the wave of multilateral institutional reform to achieve the goal of becoming a world power.India has been extensively involved in global governance,proposing new initiatives in areas of ongoing concern such as development,climate change and maritime issues,and working with multilateral institutions and other countries.At present,India’s“reformed multilateralism”is distinguished by its dual purposes of seeking both global governance reform and global leadership,which has both positive and negative implications.India supports multilateral cooperation to solve common concerns,while pandering to bloc politics to gain strategic benefits.It stresses respect for the UN’s centrality,while seeking to rise to leadership ranks.It takes an active part in the making of new norms for global governance,while avoiding responsibility or causing obstacles in some areas of governance.The realism and instrumentalism it embodies reduce it to“selective multilateralism”to a certain extent.

关 键 词：印度外交 多边主义 “改革的多边主义” 联合国安理会改革 全球治理 

分 类 号：D51[政治法律—政治学]