青海省农牧区小学高年级学生食物摄入频次现况  

Food intake frequency of senior primary school students in agrecultural and pastoral areas of Qinghai Province

作　　者：杨素芳 李子晔 张曼 申贵元 王行 池睿欣 张娜[2,4] 马福昌 马冠生[2,4] YANG Sufang;LI Ziye;ZHANG Man;SHEN Guiyuan;WANG Xing;CHI Ruixin;ZHANG Na;MA Fuchang;MA Guansheng(Department for Chronic Non-communicable Disease and Prevention,Qinghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xining(810007),China;不详)

机构地区：[1]青海省疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染病预防控制所,西宁810007 [2]北京大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生学系 [3]北京大学护理学院 [4]食品安全毒理学研究与评价北京市重点实验室

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2023年第6期828-831,835,共5页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：达能营养中心膳食营养研究与宣教基金(DIC2020-11)。

摘　　要：目的 了解青海省农牧区学龄儿童食物摄入频次现状,为当地教育部门和学校制定科学的营养改善计划和措施提供科学依据。方法 于2021年4—6月,采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,选取青海省海南州、海西州和海东市3个地区10所小学的四、五年级共969名学生,通过自填问卷的方法调查其日常食物摄入频次。采用秩转换的非参数检验分析不同组间食物摄入频次。结果 学生几乎每天都吃的食物占比最高的是谷薯类(84.3%)和水果(44.6%),几乎不吃的食物比例最高的是水产类(68.1%)和营养补充剂类(45.9%)。男生的畜禽肉类、水产类、饮料类和营养补充剂摄入频次高于女生,五年级学生的畜禽肉类和零食类摄入频次高于四年级,而水产类的摄入频次低于四年级,差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-2.46,-2.46,-2.43,-2.37,-2.66,-4.33,-2.65,P值均<0.05)。结论 不同性别、年级、地区、寄宿情况和城乡学生的食物摄入频次差异较大。应针对不同特征的学龄儿童完善营养改善计划,学校和家庭应积极开展营养宣教工作,培养学生良好的饮食行为。Objective To understand the current situation of food intake frequency among school-age children in agricultural and pastoral areas of Qinghai Province,and to provide a scientific basis for local education departments and schools to formulate scientific nutrition improvement plans and measures.Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 969 fourth and fifth grade primary school students from 10 primary schools in Hainan Autonomous Prefecture,Haixi Autonomous Prefecture and Haidong City.All the participants were investigated with a questionnaire survey of dietary behaviors.Results For the fourth and fifth grade primary school students,the highest proportion of"eaten almost every day"were cereal and tuber(84.3%)and fruits(44.6%),and the highest proportion of"barely eaten"was aquatic product(68.1%)and nutritious supplementary(45.9%).The intake of livestock meat and poultry,fishery products,beverages and nutritional supplements of boys was higher than that of girls(Z=-2.46,-2.46,-2.43,-2.37,P<0.05).The intake of livestock meat and poultry and snacks of fifth grade students was higher than that of fourth grade students,while the intake of fishery products was lower than that of fourth grade students(Z=-2.66,-4.33,-2.65,P<0.05).Conclusion The frequency of food intake varies among students of differences genders,grades,areas,boarding situation and urbanities.Relevant departments should improve nutrition improvement plans for school-age children with different characteristics.Schools and families should carry out nutrition education works to cultivate healthy eating behaviors of students.

关 键 词：膳食 摄食行为 问卷调查 学生 

分 类 号：R155.1[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R153.2[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] R195