北京石景山区2019-2023学年中小学生流感疫苗接种情况  

Analysis of influenza vaccination status of primary and secondary school students in Shijingshan District of Beijing from 2019 to 2023

作　　者：孙立昆 李艳辉 史曼丽[1] SUN Likun;LI Yanhui;SHI Manli(Deparbment of Epidemiology,Shijingshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing(100043),China)

机构地区：[1]北京市石景山区疾病预防控制中心流行病科,100043

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2023年第6期935-937,941,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：2021年度北京市重大疫情防治重点专科流行病学建设项目(2021135)。

摘　　要：目的 分析北京市石景山区2019-2023学年中小学生流感疫苗接种情况,为中小学生流感疫情防控及流感疫苗的接种工作提供科学依据。方法 通过北京市免疫规划信息管理系统收集2019-2023学年石景山区中小学流感疫苗接种的数据,采用描述性流行病学方法和χ2检验进行统计分析。结果 石景山区2019-2023学年中小学生流感疫苗接种71 230人,年均接种率为69.36%,4年间各年接种率在62.24%~77.64%,不同学年间接种率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=926.39,P<0.05)。男生接种率为69.16%,女生为69.59%,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.40,P>0.05)。小学、初中、高中各学段接种率分别为80.86%,47.09%,43.88%,各学年不同学段接种率差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为610.36,2 113.30,6 720.88,12 886.79,P值均<0.05)。东部、中部、西部中小学生接种率分别为81.88%,70.01%,56.63%,3个区域接种率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=3 679.19,P<0.05),且接种率由西向东呈现逐渐增高的趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=163.75,P<0.05);各学年不同区域接种率差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为570.25,987.18,919.60,1 111.99,P值均<0.05)。结论 石景山区中小学流感疫苗达到了有效接种率的要求,但仍有较少学校未达到有效接种的要求。需进一步加大宣传教育,引导学生及家长形成正确的认知,以减少流感疫情的发生。Objective To provide scientific support for the prevention and control of influenza epidemic and the vaccination of influenza vaccine for primary and secondary school students by analyzing the influenza vaccination situation in Shijingshan District,Beijing from 2019 to 2023.Methods To make a data analysis collected from Beijing Immunization Planning Information Management System by descriptive epidemiological methods and Chi-square test method.Results There were totally 71230 primary and secondary school students taking influenza vaccine in Shijingshan District from 2019 to 2023,within which the vaccination rate ranged from 62.24%to 77.64%,with an average annual vaccination rate of 69.36%.There was a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=926.39,P<0.05)between the vaccination rates in each year.The vaccination ratio didn't vary by sex(69.16%,69.59%)(χ^(2)=0.40,P>0.05).The average vaccination rate of students in primary,middle and high school were respectively 80.86%,47.09%,43.88%with a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=610.36,2113.30,6720.88,12886.79,P<0.05).The average vaccination rate of students in west area,middle area and east area,showing an increasing trend,were respectively 81.88%,70.01%,56.63%with a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=3679.19,P<0.05).In sum,there were significant differences in vaccination rate for both different years and areas(χ^(2)=570.25,987.18,99.60,1111.99,P<0.05).Conclusion The annual vaccination rate of influenza vaccine in primary and secondary schools in Shijingshan District from 2019 to 2023 has met the requirements for effective vaccination rates,but it should be recognized that not all schools and their students form the immune barrier.It is necessary to further strengthen publicity and education to guide students and parents to form a correct understanding,so as to reduce the occurrence of influenza epidemic.

关 键 词：流感疫苗 接种 健康促进 学生 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学] R511[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] R179