库恩范式结构特点的系统哲学解读  

Interpretation of Kuhn’s Paradigm Structure Based on System Philosophy

作　　者：宋超[1] 杨瑶 SONG Chao;YANG Yao(Research Institute for History of Science and Technology,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学科学技术史研究院,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《系统科学学报》2023年第3期16-22,共7页Chinese Journal of Systems Science

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目(19BZS079);中国气象局软科学重点项目(2021ZDIANXM21)。

摘　　要：库恩范式具有“工具箱”意义,构成要素包括共同信念、世界观、研究传统、理论框架、共有价值、规则、基本方法、符号概括,以及具体范例、科学模型、科学成就等,涵盖元范式、社会学范式和构造范式三种类型。科学的发展正是范式的运动。在范式的运动中,范式构成要素相互联系、相互作用、相互影响,形成具有整体性、突现性、开放性、适应性、动态性、层次性等特点的复杂系统。范式结构在常规科学阶段,适应科学共同体成员进行科学研究的需要;而在科学革命阶段,因突现性和依随性形成新的结构、性质和功能,产生新的科学理论、方法、模式、范例、实例等范式要素。库恩范式结构系统性特点对于把握利用科学发展规律具有重要启示和指导意义。Kuhn's Paradigm can be regarded as “tool box”.It contains common belief,world outlook,research traditions,theoretical framework,common values,rules,basic methods,symbolic generalization,specific examples,scientific models and achievements.Moreover,Kuhn's Paradigm can be divided into three types:meta paradigm,sociological paradigm and structural paradigm.The development of science originates from paradigm movements.Additionally,in the paradigm movement,paradigmatic elements connect,interact and influence mutually,and finally form a complex system including characteristics of integrity,emergence,openness,adaptation,dynamic and hierarchy.During the normal scientific research period,paradigmatic structures and functions could adapt community members' need for scientific researches.While during the scientific revolutionary period,it could come up with new paradigm elements,including scientific theories,methods,models and examples because of its emergence and compliance characteristics that could form into a high-level structure.The systematic characteristic of Kuhn's Paradigm is heuristic and instructive to take advantage of scientific development laws.

关 键 词：库恩 范式结构 系统性特点 

分 类 号：N941[自然科学总论—系统科学]