新疆野杏天然更新幼株的个体特征及空间分布格局  

Characteristics and spatial distribution pattern of natural regeneration young plants of Prunus armeniaca in Xinjiang,China

作　　者：石荡 郭传超 蒋南林 唐莹莹 郑凤 王瑾 廖康[1] 刘立强[1] SHI Dang;GUO Chuan-Chao;JIANG Nan-Lin;TANG Ying-Ying;ZHENG Feng;WANG Jin;LIAO Kang;LIU Li-Qiang(College of Horticulture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Ürümqi 830052,China;and 2 Forestry Science Research Academy of Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture,Yining,Xinjiang 839300,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学园艺学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]伊犁哈萨克自治州林业科学研究院,新疆伊宁839300

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2023年第4期515-529,共15页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：第三次新疆综合科学考察课题(2021xjkk0501);国家自然科学基金(31460190);农业农村部服务项目(125A0605)

摘　　要：为探究新疆野杏(Prunus armeniaca)种群天然更新幼株个体的生长现状与空间分布格局,该研究选择野杏集中分布的霍城县大西沟、新源县杏花沟和巩留县小莫乎儿沟为研究地,分别在3处研究地设置林下、林窗以及空地样地,观测幼株的分布密度、基径、高度以及冠幅,并采用5 m×5 m相邻格子样方法(7个聚集度指数)判定分布类型,点分布格局法计算聚集强度。新疆野杏天然更新幼株特征如下:(1)分布密度由大到小依次为杏花沟、大西沟、小莫乎儿沟,林窗显著大于空地和林下,种群天然更新强度为325株·hm^(-2)。(2)基径为小莫乎儿沟、大西沟显著大于杏花沟,空地显著大于林下和林窗,种群天然更新基径约1.7 cm。(3)高度为大西沟、小莫乎儿沟显著高于杏花沟,空地显著高于林下和林窗,种群自然更新高度为77.0 cm。(4)冠幅为大西沟显著大于小莫乎儿沟和杏花沟,空地显著大于林窗和林下,种群天然更新冠幅为38.7 cm。(5)有幼株的样地共22块,在5 m×5 m样方中,呈聚集、均匀与随机分布样地的比例分别为63.6%、27.3%和9.1%。(6)点分布格局中更新幼株在林下、空地多呈聚集分布,尺度为5–8 m时聚集强度最大;在林窗主要呈随机分布,尺度为1 m时聚集强度最大;其在不同生境的空间格局均为聚集分布到随机分布。研究结果表明,分布区域与生境类型均会显著影响野杏更新幼株的个体特征,表现为大西沟、小莫乎儿沟混交的林分类型更有利于幼株生长。林下严重抑制了更新幼株的分布数量,林窗利于种子的萌发定植,但幼株生长受阻,空地窗口条件利于更新幼株的生长发育。整体上种群更新障碍显著,现有更新幼株的空间分布格局是其对生境变化、生存胁迫以及放牧干扰等因素作出的自然选择,是种群寻找可以延续发展的策略。在此背景下,应加强保护干预,以促进新疆野杏种群更新。Aims Exploring the growth status and spatial distribution pattern of regenerated naturally young plants of Xinjiang wild apricot(Prunus armeniaca)population,which would provide a basis for protecting and artificially promoting the natural regeneration to this species.Methods In this study,Daxigou(DXG)in Huocheng County,Xinghuagou(XHG)in Xinyuan County and Xiaomohu’ergou(XMHE)in Gongliu County were selected as the study sites.In order to fully understand the regeneration status of Prunus armeniaca population in the patchy,sparse and scattered habitats,forest understory,forest gap and forest glade were set sample plots in three study sites respectively.The distribution density,basal diameter,height and crown width of young plants were measured.The distribution type was determined by the method with 5 m×5 m contiguous grid quadrats(7 aggregation indices).The aggregation intensity was calculated by point distribution pattern method.Important findings The characteristics of natural regeneration young plants of Prunus armeniaca in Xinjiang were as follows:(1)The distribution density of XHG,DXG to XMHE was from high to low;the density in the forest gap is significantly higher than that in forest glade and forest understory.The average natural regeneration intensity of the population was 325 plants·hm^(-2).(2)The basal diameter class of XMHE and DXG was significantly higher than that of XHG;and the one in the forest glade was significantly higher than that of forest understory and forest gap.The average basal diameter of natural regeneration of the population was about 1.7 cm.(3)The height of DXG and XMHE was significantly higher than that of XHG,and the one from the forest glade was significantly higher than that from forest understory and forest gap.The average height of natural regeneration of the population was 77.0 cm.(4)The crown breadth of DXG was significantly higher than that of XMHE and XHG,and the one in the forest glade was significantly higher than that of forest gap and understory.The average crown brea

关 键 词：野杏 新疆 种群更新 生境条件 个体特征 分布格局 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]