抗战时期中国底层民众的记忆书写--基于“大贱年”口述材料的GIS技术分析  

The Memories of Chinese Civilians during the War:GIS Analysis of Oral Materials Based on A Year of Disasters

作　　者：吕晶 汪沛 吕程翔 LYU Jing;WANG Pei;LYU Chengxiang(Center for the History of Republican China,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023;Nanjing University Business School,Nanjing 210093;School of Geography and Ocean Science,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023)

机构地区：[1]南京大学中华民国史研究中心,江苏南京210023 [2]南京大学商学院,江苏南京210093 [3]南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《中国农史》2023年第3期78-100,共23页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：国家记忆与国际和平研究院资助项目“1943年日军山东霍乱作战研究--以历史GIS系统为中心”(19YJY002);国家社会科学基金一般项目“医学伦理视角下的日军侵华细菌战研究”(19BZS097)。

摘　　要：1943年前后,日军控制下的鲁西冀南地区自然灾害频发,疫病流行,民众流离失所。时隔六十余年,中国学者在该地区深入调查,走访了大量亲历、知情老人。在受访老人的描述中,不仅看到战争与灾情的惨烈,也有普通个体人的经历和体验,还可观察到“天灾”中人的因素与“人祸”里灾的影响。通过对口述材料进行定量分析,用GIS和统计学工具减少其中主观记忆偏差带来的影响。同时结合中日两国档案、地方志和文史资料实现多方参证,在时空分析的基础上,努力还原历史场景,并尝试构建日军活动与当地疾病流行的证据链,以及析出战时民众流徙方向和目的地选择的影响因素。Around 1943,a succession of serious natural disasters catastrophes,various diseases and cruelty of Japanese puppets peaked in the region of West Shandong and South Hebei Province.Civilians in this area had to sell their residences and land property for food,or even flee their homeland.More than 60years later,some Chinese scholars conducted in-depth investigations in this area and interviewed a large number of experienced and informed elderly people.In their descriptions,there is not only tragic war and disaster,but person experience,and we can also observe that the human factor in natural disasters and disaster influence in man-made catastrophe.We did quantitative analysis of oral materials and use GIS and statistical tools to reduce the bias coming from subjective factor.In addition,with multi-reference of archives in China and Japan,local chronicles,cultural and historical records,we did time-space analysis,trying to restore historical scene,building evidence chain of Japanese military activity and local prevalence of disease,and the influence factor of people's destination and route selection if they decide to escape.

关 键 词：“大贱年” 口述史 地理信息系统(GIS) 民众记忆 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K207[历史地理—历史学]