“基因治疗”还是“基因增强”?——公众对基因编辑技术的接受度及其影响因素  

‘Gene Therapy'or‘Gene Enhancement'?--Public acceptance of gene editing technology and its influencing factors

作　　者：张娟娟[1,2] 卢阳旭 赵延东[2,3] 何光喜 Zhang Juan-juanl;Lu Yang-xu;Zhao Yan-dong;He Guang-xil(Chinese Academy of Science and Technology for Development;School of Sociology and Population Studies,Renmin Univesity of China;Research Foundation of Social Construction Renmin Univesity of China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术发展战略研究院 [2]中国人民大学社会与人口学院 [3]中国人民大学北京社会建设研究基地

出　　处：《科学与社会》2023年第2期107-122,共16页Science and Society

摘　　要：本文利用“基因编辑婴儿”事件发生后第一时间开展的一项公众态度调查数据,细致探讨公众在该事件上的认知评价,尤其是对于基因编辑技术应用的态度。结果显示,公众对基因编辑技术应用持较为积极的态度,对基因治疗和基因增强技术均表示接受的比例占到近半数,对两种技术均表示反对的比例占到两成,仅支持基因治疗技术的占到近三成,几乎没有受访者只支持增强技术。公众对基因编辑婴儿事件的了解程度越高、风险/伦理意识越强,则越不支持基因编辑技术在治疗和增强方面的应用;对科学家越信任、个人社会经济地位越高的公众,则更支持单纯的基因治疗和治疗与增强的双重应用。科学家和临床医生要在基因编辑技术这类涉及人类安全新技术的应用方面(风险与受益、伦理问题等)展开更为广泛的科普和伦理讨论,提升前沿技术应用的公众感知度及面向科学家的制度性信任,充分把握新技术认知接受上的群体异质性及保障实践应用上的群体公平性,让这项技术的应用在符合人类整体利益的轨道上安全有序推进。Based on the data of a public attitude timely survey conducted after the‘gene-edited baby'incident,this paper makes a detailed discussion on the public's cognitive evaluation of the incident,especially the attitude towards the application of gene editing technology.The results showed that the public held a relatively positive attitude towards the application of gene editing technology.Nearly half of the public expressed their acceptance of both gene therapy and gene enhancement technologies,20%of the public expressed their opposition to both of the above technologies,and nearly one third of the public supported gene therapy technology.Almost none of the respondents supported gene enhancement technology.The more the public knows about‘gene edited baby'incident,and the higher the risk/ethical awareness the public held,then the lower probability the public support the gene editing technology in therapy and enhancement.The more trust in scientists and the higher the socioeconomic,the more the public supports simple gene therapy or the dual application of gene therapy and enhancement.Scientists and clinicians should carry out more extensive popular science and ethical discussions on the application of new technologies related to human security such as gene editing technology(risks and benefits,ethical issues,etc.),enhance the public perception of cutting-edge technology applications and institutional trust for scientists,fully grasp the group heterogeneity in the cognitive acceptance of new technologies,and ensure the group fairness in practical applications,so that the application of new technology can be safely and orderly promoted on the track in line with the overall interests of mankind.

关 键 词：“基因编辑婴儿”事件 伦理风险感知 科学家信任 接受度 

分 类 号：C9[经济管理]