Liver or kidney:Who has the oar in the gluconeogenesis boat and when?  

作　　者：Biswajit Sahoo Medha Srivastava Arpit Katiyar Carolyn Ecelbarger Swasti Tiwari 

机构地区：[1]Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology,Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences,Lucknow 226014,India [2]Department of Medicine,Georgetown University,Washington,DC 20057,United States

出　　处：《World Journal of Diabetes》2023年第7期1049-1056,共8页世界糖尿病杂志（英文版）（电子版）

基　　金：Supported by the Indian Council of Medical Research grant to S.T,No.Coord/7(1)/CARE-KD/2018/NCD-II.

摘　　要：Gluconeogenesis is an endogenous process of glucose production from noncarbohydrate carbon substrates.Both the liver and kidneys express the key enzymes necessary for endogenous glucose production and its export into circulation.We would be remiss to add that more recently gluconeogenesis has been described in the small intestine,especially under high-protein,lowcarbohydrate diets.The contribution of the liver glucose release,the net glucose flux,towards systemic glucose is already well known.The liver is,in most instances,the primary bulk contributor due to the sheer size of the organ(on average,over 1 kg).The contribution of the kidney(at just over 100 g each)to endogenous glucose production is often under-appreciated,especially on a weight basis.Glucose is released from the liver through the process of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.Renal glucose release is almost exclusively due to gluconeogenesis,which occurs in only a fraction of the cells in that organ(proximal tubule cells).Thus,the efficiency of glucose production from other carbon sources may be superior in the kidney relative to the liver or at least on the level.In both these tissues,gluconeogenesis regulation is under tight hormonal control and depends on the availability of substrates.Liver and renal gluconeogenesis are differentially regulated under various pathological conditions.The impact of one source vs the other changes,based on post-prandial state,acid-base balance,hormonal status,and other less understood factors.Which organ has the oar(is more influential)in driving systemic glucose homeostasis is still inconclusive and likely changes with the daily rhythms of life.We reviewed the literature on the differences in gluconeogenesis regulation between the kidneys and the liver to gain an insight into who drives the systemic glucose levels under various physiological and pathological conditions.

关 键 词：Gluconeogenesis in the kidney and liver Diabetes Hormonal regulation Metabolic acidosis Insulin resistance Net glucose metabolism 

分 类 号：R33[医药卫生—人体生理学]