拉氏[鱼岁]仔稚鱼发育、饥饿不可逆点及适时下塘研究  

Development of Larva,Irreversible Starvation Point and Optimal Stocking Time of Phoxinus lagowskii Larva

作　　者：任星月 骆小年 邓舒萍 段友健 姜玉声 李姣 REN Xingyue;LUO Xiaonian;DENG Shuping;DUAN Youjian;JIANG Yusheng;LI Jiao(Key Laboratory of Mariculture&Stock Enhancement in North China′s Sea,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,College of Fisheries and Life Science,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学水产与生命学院,农业农村部北方海水增养殖重点实验室,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《水产科学》2023年第4期594-603,共10页Fisheries Science

基　　金：辽宁省首批“揭榜挂帅”科技攻关项目(2021JH1/10400040);辽宁省教育厅高等学校“揭榜挂帅”项目(20210095);辽宁省“百千万人才工程”项目(793018201);大连市科技创新基金资助项目(2018J12SN068);大连海洋大学第二届“湛蓝学者工程”项目(2021)。

摘　　要：为探明拉氏[鱼岁]仔稚鱼发育生物学特性及适宜下塘时间,对拉氏[鱼岁]进行了胚后仔稚鱼发育显微观察、仔鱼饥饿试验和仔鱼下塘试验。胚后仔稚鱼发育观察结果显示,水温16~18℃,拉氏[鱼岁]初孵仔鱼全长(4.69±0.37)mm,卵黄囊全长(3.12±0.10)mm,2日龄眼点变黑,5日龄消化道开始贯通,6日龄仔鱼鳔一室开始充气,7日龄脊索末端开始弯曲,仔鱼开口摄食,9日龄卵黄囊消失,12日龄鳔二室形成,21日龄仔鱼鳔二室充气,23日龄仔鱼背鳍、臀鳍开始形成,27日龄仔鱼腹鳍开始形成,至35日龄仔鱼各鳍发育完善。仔鱼饥饿不可逆点试验结果表明,16~18℃,拉氏[鱼岁]仔鱼开口第1天(7日龄)初次摄食率为36.36%,9日龄达最高初次摄食率85.71%,饥饿不可逆时间临界点为仔鱼14日龄,此时仔鱼摄食率为40.91%。仔鱼开口前全长(L)与日龄(t)符合von-Bertalanffy生长方程:L=8.0031[1-e(-0.3139(t+2.8093))]。拉氏[鱼岁]适宜下塘试验结果表明,水温14.5~20.1℃,池塘轮虫生物量8.30~18.58mg/L,拉氏[鱼岁]仔鱼最高成活下塘时间、体质量增长的适时下塘时间均为6日龄,其成活率达(75.0±2.2)%,出塘体质量(9.0±2.0)mg,最大全长增长的适时下塘时间为8日龄,最小全长变异系数的适时下塘时间为7.5日龄,最小体质量变异系数的适时下塘时间为8.5日龄。本研究结果可为拉氏[鱼岁]早期发育与鱼苗下塘提供基础材料。In order to study the developmental biological characteristics of Phoxinus lagowskii larva and optimal stocking time,microscopic observation of the P.lagowskii larval development,the larval starvation test and larva pond experiment were carried out.The observation of postembryonic development of larva showed that:under the condition of water temperature 16-18℃,at the beginning of their P.lagowskii length was(4.69±0.37)mm,yolk sac total length was(3.12±0.10)mm,2 days post hatching(dph)the color of P.lagowskii eyespots became black,the digestive tract began versed at 5 dph,and the silver fish swim bladder began inflating one room at 6 dph,when the larval notochord began to bend and initial feeding was observed in the larvae at 7 dph,the yolk sac was completely exhausted at 9 dph,and the larvae showed second chamber of swim bladder at 12 dph,second bladder chamber aeration period at 21 dph,the larvae dorsal and anal fin emerged at 23 dph,at 27 dph larval ventral fins began to form,until at 35 dph,all fins were well developed in the larvae.The experiment of P.lagowskii irreversible starvation point results showed that:under 16-18℃,the P.lagowskii larvae first day of open mouth(at 7 dph)feeding rate was 36.36%.At 9 dph,the highest initial feeding rate was 85.71%,the irreversible starvation point was at 14 dph,the larvae of feeding rate was 40.91%.length(L)and age(t)von-bertalanffy growth formula of juvenile fish before mouth open was L=8.0031[1-e^(-0.3139(t+2.8093))].The optimal stocking time of P.lagowskii results showed that water temperature was 14.5-20.1℃,rotifer biomass keeps 8.30-18.58 mg/L,the highest survival rate and time of body mass growth appeared at 6 dph,the survival rate was(75.0±2.2)%and the larvae body mass reached(9.0±2.0)mg.Under the optimum total length of largest growth of timely for 8 dph,the minimum total length of the coefficient of variation was at 7.5 dph,minimum weight coefficient of variation of timely under the pond at was 8.5 dph.This experiment provides basic materials for post

关 键 词：拉氏[鱼岁] 仔稚鱼 饥饿不可逆点 适宜下塘时间 

分 类 号：S965.199[农业科学—水产养殖]