现代汉语显赫范畴扩张效应的测量——以复合趋向补语“起来”为例  

Measurement of Expansion Effect of Mightiness in Contemporary Chinese

作　　者：曹洪豫 CAO Hong-yu(Institute of Military Legal System Studies,PLA Academy of Military Sciences,Beijing 100091)

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军军事科学院军事法制研究院,北京100091

出　　处：《汉语学习》2023年第3期63-71,共9页Chinese Language Learning

摘　　要：现代汉语的趋向补语具有显赫性,其外部扩张体现为可以表示结果、时体并形成一些固化格式。通过考察国家语委现代汉语语料库,借助构式搭配分析和主成分分析,本文对复合趋向补语“起来”的原型意义和共时层面的扩张进行测量并揭示其与其他复合趋向补语的关系。研究发现,“起来”的基本意义和引申意义的用法是不平衡的,与表达趋向义、结果义和状态义联系最紧密的核心成员分别是“站”“结合”和“兴奋”;在原型为“双脚交替向前移动”的复合趋向补语“X来”家族中,“起来”是边缘成员,与“起来”相对的是“下来”“下去”和“开来”。The directional complement in Contemporary Chinese has mightiness,and its external expansion can reach as far as the resultative category and the aspectual category while producing some more lexicalized forms.Based on the contemporary Chinese corpus of the National Language Commission,this paper makes statistics on the compound directional complement"qilap"by Collostructional Analysis and Principal Component Analysis.In this paper,the prototype meaning and synchronic expansion of the compound directional complement"qilai"are measured and its relationship with other compound directional complements is revealed.It finds that the basic meaning and extended meaning of"qilai"are not equally used,and the cores most closely related to the tendency meaning,result meaning and state meaning are"stand","combine"and"excited"respectively.It also finds that"qilai"is the marginal member of the family,deviating from moving forward with feet alternatively,and opposites to"xialai","xiaqu"and"kailai".

关 键 词：复合趋向补语 构式搭配分析 效应量 主成分分析 可视化 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]