晋南地区全新世中期遗址时空分布与气候演化的关系  

Relationship between temporal-spatial distribution of Mid-Holocene sites and climate evolution in southern Shanxi

作　　者：田敏 田庆春 尹佳男[1] 张仲伍 高江涛 TIAN Min;TIAN Qingchun;YIN Jianan;ZHANG Zhongwu;GAO Jiangtao(College of Geographical Sciences,Shanxi Normal University,Taiyuan 030000,China;Academy of Chinese Early Civilization,Shanxi Normal University,Taiyuan 030000,China;Institute of archaeology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100710,China)

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学地理科学学院,太原030000 [2]山西师范大学中华早期文明研究院,太原030000 [3]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京100710

出　　处：《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2023年第3期175-184,共10页Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“临汾盆地高分辨率黄土记录的MIS3阶段气候变化过程”(41701223);山西省文物局科研课题项目“晋南地区史前环境变迁对文明演变的影响”(22-8-14-1400-119);山西师范大学产学研项目“晋南地区史前社会经济、文化演变与环境变化的关系研究”(CXY2216)。

摘　　要：基于ArcGIS10.8平台结合最邻近指数、核密度分析叠加标准差椭圆等方法,研究晋南地区全新世中期1415处遗址的时空演变。结果表明:晋南地区全新世中期遗址空间分布从集聚到逐渐离散;遗址重心向高纬度地区、逆时针方向位移,方向呈现先东北后西北的变化。核密度分析表明,空间布局从仰韶期的团状到龙山期的以陶寺文化为中心的带状分布。与仰韶时期相比,龙山时期处于过渡时期的弱暖湿气候阶段,干燥更为明显,遗址沿着盆地和河流分布。由于此时农业技术水平高,人类适应能力增强,人口迅速增加,从而推动了龙山文化发展;后期气候逐渐恶化,人类生存面临严峻挑战,导致龙山文化被迫中断。随后进入了夏商时期,遗址数目较少,分布与山地联系密切。这种龙山文化到夏商文化的演变可能与4 kaBP前后降温事件有关。因此,研究全新世中期晋南地区遗址时空分布与环境演化,对于理解不同环境下人类响应与适应具有重要意义。Based on ArcGIS 10.8 platform and combined with the nearest neighbor index,kernel density analysis,and standard deviation ellipse,the spatial and temporal evolution of 1415 sites in the Mid-Holocene in the southern Shanxi region,China was studied.Results show that the spatial distribution pattern of the sites was gradually changed from centralization to dispersion.The center of the sites shifted northward and counterclockwise,and from northeastward to northwestward in direction.The kernel density estimation showed that the spatial distribution pattern changed from clustering in the Yangshao Culture period to zonal distribution represented by Taosi Culture in the Longshan Culture period.Compared with the Yangshao Culture period,the Longshan Culture period was in a weak warm-humid climate stage of transitional period in more obvious dryness.The cultural sites were distributed along basins and rivers.Due to the well-developed agricultural activities in the period,human adaptability increased,population grew rapidly,which promoted the development of the Longshan Culture.Later,the climate deteriorated gradually,human survival confronted severe challenges,which interrupted the Longshan Culture development.In the Xia and Shang Dynasties,the number of sites was small and the distribution was close to mountain areas.The evolution from the Longshan Culture to Xia-Shang Culture might be related to the cooling event around 4 kaBP.This study provided rich data of the mid-Holocene spatial and temporal distribution of the culture sites and environmental evolution in the southern Shanxi region,which promoted the understanding of human response and adaptation in different environments in the ancient time.

关 键 词：遗址的时空分布 气候演化 全新世中期 晋南地区 

分 类 号：P532[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]