论航天器国籍制度的建立  

On the Establishment of the Regime of Nationality for Spacecraft

作　　者：王国语[1,2] 吴清颖 Wang Guoyu;Wu Qingying

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学法学院 [2]北京理工大学空天政策与法律研究院

出　　处：《国际法研究》2023年第3期107-123,共17页Chinese Review of International Law

摘　　要：不同于海洋法、航空法已建立了比较成熟的船舶、航空器国籍制度,国际空间法尚未建立航天器国籍制度。现有的以空间物体登记为基础的国际空间法管辖权体系,已不能完全满足快速发展的外层空间活动。航天器国籍登记制度的设计着眼于航天活动实践的发展和未来需要,尝试从确定外层空间活动的管辖权和损害赔偿制度等方面来推动外空法的发展。通过“国家立法—国际实践—国际立法”路径建立航天器国籍制度,不仅有助于弥补现有空间物体登记管辖权体系的不足,还可能发展出全新的外层空间管辖权体系以及进一步完善外空损害赔偿责任制度,并推动国际空间法从“义务本位”向“权利本位”转变。Unlike the law of the sea and aviation law,which have mature nationality regime for ships and aircraft,space law has not yet established a nationality regime for spacecraft.The existing space jurisdiction system based on the registration of space objects faces many problems and can no longer meet the demands for new space norms and order by the rapid development of space activities.The spacecraft nationality regime is not only an innovation of national space legislation,but also an innovation of international space law.It is necessary and feasible to establish a spacecraft nationality regime through the approach of"national legislation-international practice-international legislation",which will not only fundamentally solve the problems faced by the jurisdiction system based on space objects registration,but also develop a new space jurisdiction system,facilitate the formulation of a more reasonable and explicit liability system for space damages,and promote the shift of international space law from"obligationoriented"to"rights-oriented".

关 键 词：航天器国籍 国籍登记 外空管辖权 国际空间法 权利本位 

分 类 号：D999.1[政治法律—国际法学]