禁囤抑价:1940年蒋介石查禁四川粮食囤积的努力  

Chiang Kai-shek’s Effort to Suppress the Food Hoarding of Sichuan in 1940

作　　者：陈默 Chen Mo(School of History,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610065,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《四川师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第4期183-194,共12页Journal of Sichuan Normal University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：四川省哲学社会科学规划一般项目“全面抗战时期粮食统制政策形成过程研究”(SC22B124)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：为抑制快速飞涨的四川米价,1940年7月之后,在四川省政府不断加强粮食管控的同时,蒋介石亲自主导了查禁四川粮食囤积的行动。但是,此时川省囤米的主体已由商人扩展到社会多个群体,各阶层民众怀着不同目的参与囤米,全面禁绝囤积遂成为一道难题。蒋介石一方面将查禁四川粮食囤积矛头直指各县潜在大囤户,下令对其进行调查,以为下一步行动作准备;另一方面又对涉嫌囤积的官员加以持续调查和严厉训诫,并于12月处决了背景相对单纯的成都市前市长杨全宇,以此暂时平息民愤。不过,蒋介石关于大田主和积谷户的普查行动,因地主抵制、县府拖延等原因而进展缓慢;严查川省涉嫌囤积官员之举,亦因央地关系微妙而演变成一个极其敏感的问题。蒋介石查禁四川粮食囤积中的顿挫,缘自国民党政权应对危机时在反应速度、治理水平和控制能力上的不足。而禁囤抑价的成效甚微,导致朝野均不太认可蒋介石的努力,转而呼吁通过改革经济体制瓦解囤积居奇的基础。此后国民政府实施的田赋征实政策,正与此相关,并在一定程度上遏止了各地米粮的囤积。因此,并不能全部以时人对蒋介石的批评来衡量其查禁囤积的意义。In order to control the rice price in Sichuan,Chiang Kai-shek led a series of actions to suppress the food hoarding while the provincial government enhanced its food management after July,1940.The main body of rice hoarding in Sichuan had been expanded from businessmen to multiple social groups,and individuals of distinctive classes stored rice for their different purposes.Thus the complete prohibition of food hoarding seemed to be a tough task.On one hand,Chiang started an investigation on potential food hoarders of those counties in Sichuan,as a preparation of his next move.On the other hand,he launched a constant probe on the suspect officials who might get involved in the hoarding,and executed the defenseless former mayor of Chengdu,Yang Quanyu,the hoarder of wheat,as to comfort the angry mass.Chiang’s investigation on food hoarders made progress at a slow pace due to the boycott from landowners and the poor efficiency of local administrations,at the same time his probe on the suspect officials got rather sensitive because of the delicate relations between the central government and Sichuan cliques.The setback of Chiang’s attempts resulted from Kuomintang regime’s weakness in response speed,governance level and social control.People in and out of the government did not appreciate Chiang’s efforts and they urged a reformation of economic system to eliminate the foundation of that hoarding.Later,as the consequence of that discussion,land tax collect in kind policy hauled the food hoarding to some extent.people’s criticism of Chiang’s actions should not be considered as the proper evaluation of his efforts to suppress the food hoarding.

关 键 词：查禁粮食囤积 蒋介石 四川 1940年 央地关系 

分 类 号：F329[经济管理—产业经济] K26[历史地理—历史学]