老年照料服务人员供给及长期护理保险的作用:基于工资报酬视角的文献评述  

The Supply of Eldercare Workers and the Role of Long-Term Care Insurance:A Literature Review from Care Work Pay

作　　者：余央央[1] 翟颖 YU Yangyang;ZHAI Ying

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学公共经济与管理学院,上海200433

出　　处：《社会保障研究》2023年第3期103-111,共9页Social Security Studies

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学一般项目“长期护理保险对上海护理供给的影响:基于养老护理人员的视角”(编号:2018BJB017)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：充足的老年照料服务人员供给是长期护理保险制度发展的关键。基于“护工荒”的现实,从老年照料服务人员供给与长期护理保险的关系、影响老年照料工资报酬因素两个方面梳理相关研究的发展脉络发现,理论上长期护理保险可以通过增加机构、个体的支付能力来提高老年照料工资报酬,扩大老年照料服务人员供给,但已有来自部分国家的经验证据并不都支持上述结论。此外,照料行业的特殊性(信息不对称、规模不经济等)和劳动力市场不完善等因素使得工资报酬被低估,出现“工资惩罚”,而这可能是长期护理保险较难增加老年照料从业者供给的关键。据此,结合我国长期护理保险的发展方向,建议未来的公共政策要聚焦长期护理保险的保障待遇给付、照料质量监督以及照护机构高效发展等方面,以提高老年照料工资报酬水平,缓解“护工荒”。Sufficient supply of eldercare workers is the key to the development of long-term care insurance system.Based on the reality of the shortage of eldercare workers,this paper studies the development of related literature from two aspects:the effect of long-term care insurance on the supply of eldercare workers and the factors affecting eldercare work pay.Theoretically,long-term care insurance can increase eldercare worker pay and expand the supply of eldercare workers by increasing the payment capacity of institutions and individuals.However,empirical evidence from other countries does not all support the above conclusion.Some factors such as asymmetric information,diseconomies of scale and the imperfect labor market lead to the underestimation of care work pay and the occurrence of"wage penalty",which may be the key to the difficulty of long-term care insurance to increase the supply of eldercare workers.Therefore,combined with the development direction of long-term care insurance in China,it is suggested that future public policies should focus on the benefit of long-term care insurance,care quality supervision,and the efficient development of care institutions,so as to increase the level of care work pay and alleviate the"shortage of eldercare workers".

关 键 词：长期护理保险 老年照料服务人员供给 护工荒 工资报酬水平 

分 类 号：C913.6[经济管理] F719[社会学] F842.6