铀矿矿业权管理制度建设和演进浅析——以新疆为例  

Brief Analysis on the Construction and Evolution of Management System for Uranium Property in Xinjiang——Taking Xinjiang as an Example

作　　者：李晓红[1] 李盛富[1] 王毛毛[1] LI Xiaohong;LI Shengfu;WANG Maomao(Geologic Party No.216,CNNC,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830011,China)

机构地区：[1]核工业二一六大队,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《铀矿地质》2023年第4期714-719,共6页Uranium Geology

摘　　要：铀矿是事关国家经济、能源和国防安全的战略性矿产资源,同时也是新疆的优势矿产资源。随着国家“双碳目标”的提出,大幅提高核能利用比例已成必然,核电的发展离不开天然铀的稳定供应和铀资源的可靠保障,而铀矿探矿权和采矿权是保障铀矿依法勘查和开发的基本前提。文章以国家矿业权管理制度建设为背景,结合新疆铀矿矿业权数量变化,将矿业权管理制度建设和演进划分为矿业权管理制度建设期、改革期和完善期3个阶段,指出铀矿规划未纳入新疆矿产资源矿业权设置区划管理、探矿权排他性、自然保护地功能划定、矿业权制度制约、矿业权登记程序复杂化等是影响铀矿矿业权申请登记的主要原因;矿业权重叠设置、财政出资勘查项目凭项目任务书开展地质勘查工作、生态保护红线内战略性矿产勘查开采差别化管理政策的出台为铀矿矿业权申请登记提供了政策依据。提出完善铀矿矿业权管理制度的4条举措:设立国家铀矿规划区;优化矿业权登记程序;保持矿业权政策延续性;创新采矿权出让方式,完善资源量评审备案等配套制度。Uranium is a strategic mineral resource related to the national economy,energy and national defense security,and is the dominant mineral resource in Xinjiang.To realized China’s"double carbon goal",it has become inevitable to significantly increase the proportion of nuclear energy utilization.The development of nuclear power cannot be separated from the stable supply of natural uranium and the reliable guarantee of uranium resources,while uranium property rights are the basic premise to ensure the legal exploration and development of uranium in the construction of the national mining rights management system.According to the changes in the number of uranium property in Xinjiang,the construction and evolution of the mining rights management system can be divided into three stages:the construction period,the reform period and the improvement period.The main reasons affecting the application for registration of uranium property are that the uranium mining planning has not been included in the zoning management of property in Xinjiang,the exclusivity of exploration rights,the function delimitation of natural reserves,the restriction of property system,and the complexity of property registration procedures.The overlapping setting of exploration rights,the implementation of geological exploration work for the exploration projects funded by finance based on the project assignment,and the introduction of differentiated management policies for strategic mineral exploration and mining within the red line of ecological protection provide policy basis for the application for registration of uranium property.Four measurement were proposed to improve the management system of uranium property:establishing a national uranium mining planning area;optimizing the registration process of property;maintain the continuity of property policies;innovate the transfer method of property,and improve supporting systems such as resource evaluation and filing.

关 键 词：铀矿探矿权 铀矿采矿权 铀矿矿业权 矿业权管理制度 

分 类 号：DF462[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]