非耕作生境对相邻耕地步甲和蜘蛛分布影响的差异性  

Differences in effects of non-crop habitat on the distribution of carabid beetles and spiders in adjacent farmlands

作　　者：边振兴[1] 吴佳璇 杨玉静 王楚翘 张宇飞 BIAN Zhenxing;WU Jiaxuan;YANG Yujing;WANG Chuqiao;ZHANG Yufei(School of Land and Environment,Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Three-dimensional Protection and Monitoring of Cultivated Land,Liaoning Provincial Department of Natural Resources,Shenyang 110866,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院/辽宁省自然资源厅耕地立体保护与监测重点实验室,沈阳110866

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2023年第7期1026-1037,共12页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2019-ZD-0709)资助。

摘　　要：在农业景观中非耕作生境通常会为地表节肢动物提供适宜的生存场所,步甲和蜘蛛群落作为天敌类地表节肢动物的重要组成部分,非耕作生境类型对其多样性和空间分布的作用有所差异。本文在辽宁省昌图县调查了非耕作生境(即果园、草地、乔木林地和其他林地生境)以及其相邻耕地内部和耕地边缘的步甲和蜘蛛个体数、物种数和多样性,采用方差分析、聚类分析和冗余分析等方法,讨论了不同生境内步甲和蜘蛛群落分布特征以及非耕作生境类型对邻近耕地边缘及内部步甲和蜘蛛多样性的影响机制。结果表明:1)不同非耕作生境类型对耕地内部溢出效应明显,但产生的影响有所差异,草地对耕地内部步甲多样性影响显著,其他林地对耕地内部蜘蛛的多样性影响显著。2)不同非耕作生境类型产生的边缘效应与溢出效应规律一致,均会促进耕地内部步甲和蜘蛛的多样性;步甲的多样性在邻近草地的耕地边缘显著高于其他边缘类型,蜘蛛的多样性在邻近其他林地的耕地边缘显著高于其他边缘类型。3)非耕作生境的植被盖度和多样性显著影响步甲和蜘蛛的多样性。总体而言,非耕作生境对提升耕地内天敌多样性有积极作用,林地和草地作用效果更为明显,并且非耕作生境内植被群落结构越复杂,越有利于维持较高的天敌多样性,进而提高生物控害功能。因此,在农业景观中,增加非耕作生境景观建设,如设置合适农田边界带、种植合适的植被群落等,可以促进农业景观中的生物控制服务,提升害虫防治功能维持生态系统稳定,对建设高标准农田具有重要意义。Conservation of species diversity is an important basis for sustainable agricultural development in agricultural landscapes,and non-crop habitats usually provide suitable habitats for epigeic arthropods.However,as common natural enemies of surface arthropods,carabid beetles and spiders respond differently to different types of non-crop habitats.Although previous studies have been comprehensive and detailed,most of them only focused on specific habitat types,neglecting the role of non-crop habitats on the edge of and inside adjacent cultivated land.Therefore,the present study examined whether non-crop habitats had a positive effect on carabid beetles and spiders and which habitat type had the most significant effect.In this study,Changtu County,Liaoning Province,China,was selected as the sampling area to investigate the abundance of carabid beetles and spiders in non-crop habitats,inner farmlands,and farmland margins.Using variance analysis,cluster analysis,redundancy analysis,and other methods,the distribution characteristics of carabid beetles and spider communities in different habitats and the impact mechanism of non-crop habitat types on diversity were assessed in detail.Different non-crop habitat types had clear spillover effects on farmland;however,these effects were different.Grasslands had significant effects on the diversity of carabid beetles in farmland,and other woodlands had significant effects on the diversity of spiders in farmland.The biodiversity of the farmland margin was significantly higher than that of the surrounding farmland and non-crop habitats.The diversity of carabid beetles at the farmland margin adjacent to native grassland was significantly higher than that at types of farmland margin,the diversity of spiders at the edge of the land adjacent to other woodlands was significantly higher.This study suggested that the rules of edge and spillover effects are consistent,enhancing the biodiversity of adjacent habitats.Among the herbaceous vegetation structural factors,vegetation coverage an

关 键 词：非耕作生境 步甲 蜘蛛 边缘效应 植被因子 

分 类 号：P901[天文地球—自然地理学]