化肥与有机肥配施对再生稻稻田土壤容重、pH和碳氮代谢的影响  

Effects of combined application of chemical and organic fertilizer on soil bulk density,pH,and carbon and nitrogen metabolism in ratooning rice fields

作　　者：姜硕琛 张海维 杨迪 胡丰琴 邹宇傲 杜斌[1] 吴启侠[1] 朱建强[1] JIANG Shuochen;ZHANG Haiwei;YANG Di;HU Fengqin;ZOU Yu’ao;DU Bin;WU Qixia;ZHU Jianqiang(College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434020,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院,荆州434020

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2023年第7期1053-1066,共14页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金区域联合基金重点项目(U21A2039)资助。

摘　　要：再生稻模式在我国粮食生产中具有重要地位,研究化肥与有机肥配施对再生稻稻田土壤肥力性状的影响,可为土壤肥力维持和再生稻高效生产提供科学依据。大田试验于2020—2021年进行,各试验处理磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)养分施用量分别为75 kg∙hm^(-2)和150 kg∙hm^(-2),氮(N)施用量200 kg∙hm^(-2)(不包括不施氮处理N0)。按化肥与有机肥施用情况分为5种基肥处理:不施氮肥(N0);基肥氮(N 75 kg∙hm^(-2))全部来自常规尿素(CK);两种物料配施时,基肥氮由2种物料各提供一半,两种物料配施包括缓释尿素与常规尿素(T1)、生物炭与常规尿素(T2)、畜牧粪便与常规尿素(T3)。T2处理区在2021年不再施入生物炭,施肥与CK处理相同。结果表明:T2和T3处理均可降低土壤容重,以T2处理效果更佳;T2处理第1年,土壤pH、有机碳和总氮显著提高;在第1年头季稻分蘖期、抽穗期和再生稻抽穗期,土壤无机氮含量分别以CK、T1和T3处理最高;T3和T2处理可提高土壤微生物量碳和微生物量氮含量,其中在头季稻拔节期前T2处理的效果较好,拔节期后以T3处理的效果较好。此外,在T3处理下,β-葡萄糖苷酶和脲酶活性较高。比较而言,T3处理在降低土壤容重、提高有机碳和总氮的效果上次于T2处理,在提高无机氮、微生物生物量和土壤酶活性上效果优于T2处理,因此,建议基肥采用畜牧粪便与化肥配施,由畜牧粪便取代其中50%的化肥氮。Ratooning rice has the advantages of saving production costs and improving grain yield.However,there are less reports on the effect of the combination of nitrogen fertilizer and organic materials on the soil in the ratooning rice mode.This study compared the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer combinations with organic materials on the soil properties of ratooning rice paddy fields to provide a reference for the sustainable development of ratooning rice models.A two-year(2020–2021)single-factor experiment was conducted in Jingzhou,Hubei,China.The experiment included five base fertilizer treatments:no nitrogen fertilizer(N0),base fertilizer nitrogen from conventional urea(CK),50%base fertilizer nitrogen from conventional urea and 50%from slow-release urea(T1),biochar(T2),or animal manure(T3).The fertilization mode of T2 was only conducted in 2020,which was the same as that of CK in 2021;The fertilization modes of the other treatments were the same for both years.Compared with N0,the bulk density(BD)in the 0–20 cm soil layer at the heading stage of the main season rice and at the heading stage of the ratooning season rice decreased by 3.92%–6.15%in CK and by 4.38%–6.74%in T1,whereas the BD at the 0–40 cm soil layer during the whole growth period decreased by 9.82%–17.87%in T2 and by 9.48%–14.21%in T3.The order of soil pH in 2020 was T2>T3>N0>T1>CK.Compared with CK,pH in 2020 increased by 0.51-0.68 in T2.The order of soil pH in 2021 was T3>T2>N0>T1>CK.Compared with CK,the pH in 2021 increased by 0.14-0.32 in T3.The content of soil organic carbon(SOC)and total nitrogen(TN)in the 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm soil layers were T2>T3>T1>CK>N0.Compared with N0,other treatments increased the content of SOC and TN in the 0-20 cm soil layer by 4.79%-29.12%and 11.36%-28.49%,respectively;and they increased the contents of SOC and TN in the 20-40 cm soil layer by 5.43%-30.79%and 6.08%-20.02%,respectively.The contents of NH_(4)^(+) and NO_(3)^(-) at the tillering and heading stages of the main season rice and the

关 键 词：有机物料 化肥与有机肥配施 土壤容重 碳氮代谢 再生稻模式 

分 类 号：S146[农业科学—肥料学] S158[农业科学—农业基础科学]