离婚冷静期制度的合宪性检验——从比例原则出发  

Constitutionality of the System of Cooling-off Period for Divorce——An Analysis from the Perspective of the Principle of Proportionality

作　　者：唐芬[1] 曾玉兰 TANG Fen;ZENG Yulan(School of Law,China West Normal University,Nanchong Sichuan,637009,China)

机构地区：[1]西华师范大学法学院,四川南充637009

出　　处：《西南石油大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第4期88-94,共7页Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：世界上多数国家有类似于离婚冷静期的相关规定。我国离婚冷静期制度仅适用于协议离婚,但自公布实施以来争议不断:支持者认为其可以限制冲动离婚,反对者则认为其限制了公民离婚自由。公权力限制公民基本权利必须符合比例原则。比例原则的逻辑起点是人权保障,基本内容包含适当性、必要性、均衡性三个方面。基于比例原则审视我国离婚冷静期制度的合宪性,我国建立离婚冷静期在立法目的上具有合法性,满足适当性和必要性的要求,但是以少数人的利益影响绝大多数人的利益不符合均衡性原则,合宪性基础略有欠缺。当务之急就是完善我国离婚冷静期制度,使其符合宪法目的,维护宪法权威。Cooling-off period is applied to divorce cases in many countries.In China,cooling-off periods applies only to divorce by agreement,but has been the focus of controversies since it came into effect.Supporters hold that the cooling-off period prevents couples from making impulsive divorce decisions,but others say it sets up procedural obstacles and interferes with private freedom.Restriction of the basic rights of common citizens by public power must comply with the principle of proportionality,the basis of which is human right protection and includes three aspects:appropriateness,necessity and balance.Seen from the perspective of the principle of proportionality,the constitutionality of the cooling-off period system is legitimate in legislative purposes and meets the requirements of appropriateness and necessity.But affecting the interests of the vast majority for the interests of a minority is not in line with the principle of balance and the basis of constitutionality is slightly lacking.It is urgent to perfect the cooling-off period system,making it conform to the purpose of the constitution and maintaining the authority of the constitution.

关 键 词：离婚冷静期 离婚自由 比例原则 正当性 适当性 必要性 

分 类 号：DF551[政治法律—民商法学]