高速列车制动盘设计中若干问题的研究现状  

Research Status of Several Issues in the Design of Brake Discs for High-speed Trains

作　　者：刘珏 董世运[2] 王东星 金鑫[1] 闫世兴 刘晓亭 王锁成 徐滨士 LIU Jue;DONG Shiyun;WANG Dongxing;JIN Xin;YAN Shixing;LIU Xiaoting;WANG Suocheng;XU Binshi(School of Mechanical Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;National Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing,Academy of Armored Forces,Beijing 100072,China;CRRC TANGSHAN Co.,Ltd.,Tangshan 063035,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学机械与车辆学院,北京100081 [2]陆军装甲兵学院装备再制造技术国防科技重点实验室,北京100072 [3]中车唐山机车车辆有限公司,河北唐山063035

出　　处：《材料导报》2023年第14期69-74,共6页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFB1100205)。

摘　　要：高速列车制动盘是列车制动系统的核心工作零件,通过制动盘与制动闸片间的摩擦接触将动能转化为热能以实现紧急制动,进而保证列车安全,因此制动盘的性能直接影响列车的制动效果。随着列车提速,制动过程需要吸收更多的能量,从而导致制动盘温度快速升高甚至超出材料的安全使用范围,这将使现有制动盘设计无法满足工程需求,因此必须研制性能更优的制动盘产品。制动盘的设计是一个系统性问题,涉及制动盘的材料、结构、成形方法、热处理等多方面内容且各因素互相影响。其中,新材料的研发是制动盘研究的重要内容,其发展方向为工程陶瓷基复合材料和复合纤维基材料,但材料自身缺陷及制备工艺不成熟导致其仍处于实验室阶段,而工业生产中多使用铸钢和锻钢。目前对制动盘的结构设计仅考虑了结构成形性,导致其结构设计冗余、散热能力有限,本文在结构设计部分重点介绍了制动盘散热特性和应力分布两方面的研究,并分析了现有研究方法的特点和存在的问题,指出试验-仿真方法对新型制动盘的设计及性能评估意义重大。在制备工艺方面,表面强化、增材制造等新技术的引入增大了制动盘的设计自由度,有利于产品性能的提升。本文从材料性能、结构设计和制备工艺三个重要方面详细阐述了制动盘的研究现状,对高速列车制动盘的研究内容和发展方向进行了展望,为制动盘的精细化、轻量化设计提供了研究思路和理论支持。The brake disc is the core part of the braking system for high-speed trains.The friction between the brake disc and brake pads directly affects the braking performance to ensure safety,which converts the kinetic energy into heat energy to achieve emergency braking.With the train speeds up,the brake disc needs to absorb more energy and it causes the temperature to rise rapidly and even exceed the safety range of the material,so the higher performance brake disc needs to be developed.The brake disc design is a systematic problem,which involved the material,structure,forming method,heat treatment,etc.The factors are closely related and influence each other.It is important content to develop new materials,the ceramic composite and fibrous composite materials are the main development directions.However,they are still in the laboratory stage due to material defects and the immature preparation process.At present,cast steel and forged steel are widely used in the production of the brake disc.When using traditional technologies,the only consideration for the structure design is structural formability,which results in structural redundancy and limits the heat dissipation capacity.And the heat dissipation characteristics and stress distribution are also summarised and discussed.For the design and evaluation of the high-perfor-mance disc,the method of combining experiment and simulation is of significance,and the problem about the research method is also pointed out.About the forming method,the design freedom of the brake disc is expanded by advanced manufacturing technologies such as surface strengthening and additive manufacturing,which is conducive to improving the braking performance.In this paper,the research status is reviewed including material performance,structure design,and manufacturing technology about the brake disc.The research content and development direction about the brake disc design are also proposed,which provides ideas and theories for the precise design and lightweight design.

关 键 词：制动盘 复合材料 散热特性 应力分布 

分 类 号：U266[机械工程—车辆工程]