有机肥替代化肥减量配施对甘蓝养分利用及产量的影响  

Effects of organic fertilizers replacing chemical fertilizers with reduced amounts and combined application on nutrient utilization and yield of cabbage

作　　者：马贵[1] 杨彩玲 买自珍 张倩男 宋永红[3] 于奴哈 杨骞 MA Gui;YANG Cailing;MAI Zizhen;ZHANG Qiannan;SONG Yonghong;YU Nuha;YANG Qian(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Ningxia Normal University,Guyuan 756000,Ningxia,China;Guyuan Branch,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry,Guyuan 756000,Ningxia,China;Ningxia Xiji County Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center,Xiji 756200,Ningxia,China;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Jingyuan County,Jingyuan 756400,Ningxia,China;Ningxia Jingyuan County Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center,Jingyuan 756400,Ningxia,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏师范学院化学化工学院,宁夏固原756000 [2]宁夏农林科学院固原分院,宁夏固原756000 [3]宁夏西吉县农业技术推广服务中心,宁夏西吉756200 [4]宁夏泾源县农业农村局,宁夏泾源756400 [5]宁夏泾源县农业技术推广服务中心,宁夏泾源756400

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2023年第7期95-103,共9页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区农业科技自主创新项目;固原市科技计划项目(2020GYKYF018);泾源县科技计划项目;宁夏师范学院六盘山资源工程技术研究中心项目(HGZD22-12)。

摘　　要：为探究有机肥替代部分化肥对甘蓝各器官营养元素吸收及积累的影响,为甘蓝稳产、高产提供依据,通过大田试验研究了土壤养分、酶活性、甘蓝各器官养分吸收利用及其产量在不同比例有机肥和化肥配施下的变化。结果表明,与单施化肥相比,有机肥和化肥配施均能有效提高土壤养分及有机质的含量。其中,30%有机肥氮+70%化肥氮配施下,土壤蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性,以及甘蓝叶球氮、磷、钾含量(分别较单施化肥提高36.53%、25.59%和22.38%)均为最高。此外,相比单施化肥,30%有机肥氮+70%化肥氮配施能提高甘蓝功能叶球中养分含量、积累量和分配比(磷素积累量除外)。30%有机肥+70%化肥配施下,氮素的盈余、利用效率、农学效率以及甘蓝磷素、钾素利用效率和甘蓝产量(97482.6 kg·hm^(-2),较单施化肥增加0.93%)均为最高。综上,配施处理不仅能显著提高土壤肥力、酶活性和甘蓝产量,也可调节甘蓝各器官对氮、磷、钾的吸收和分配。推荐有机肥配施量为18367.3 kg·hm^(-2),化学配施量为N 420.00 kg·hm^(-2)、P_(2)O_(5)149.63 kg·hm^(-2)、K_(2)O 157.67 kg·hm^(-2)。To investigate the effect of organic fertilizer replacing some chemical fertilizers on nutrient absorption and accumulation of kale organs,and to provide a basis for stable and high yield of kale,the changes of soil nutrients,enzyme activity,nutrient absorption,and utilization of kale organs and their products under different ratios of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer application were investigated through a field experiment.The results showed that compared with chemical fertilizer alone,both organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer combination could effectively improve soil nutrients and organic matter content,among which,soil sucrase,alkaline phosphatase,urease,and catalase activities as well as kale leaf bulb nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content(36.53%,25.59%and 22.38%higher than chemical fertilizer alone,respectively)were the highest under 30%organic fertilizer N+70%chemical fertilizer N combination.In addition,the nutrient content,accumulation,and distribution ratio(except phosphorus accumulation)in the functional leaf bulb of kale were increased with 30%organic fertilizer N+70%chemical fertilizer N.The surplus,utilization efficiency,and agronomic efficiency of N,as well as phosphorus and potassium utilization efficiency of kale and kale yield(97482.6 kg·hm^(-2),an increase of 0.93%compared to chemical fertilizer alone),were highest with 30%organic fertilizer+70%chemical fertilizer were the highest.In conclusion,the fertility and enzyme activity of soil and kale yield was significantly improved by the treatment,and the uptake and distribution of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium by kale organs were also regulated.The recommended organic fertilizer allotment was 18367.3 kg·hm^(-2)and the chemical allotment was 420.00 kg·hm^(-2)for N,149.63 kg·hm^(-2)for P_(2)O_(5),and 157.67 kg·hm^(-2)for K_(2)O.

关 键 词：甘蓝 化肥减施 有机肥 产量 固原冷凉地区 

分 类 号：S635[农业科学—蔬菜学]