基于PMF模型的某铅锌冶炼城市降尘重金属污染评价及来源解析  

Pollution Assessment and Source Analysis of Heavy Metals in Atmospheric Deposition in a Lead-zinc Smelting City Based on PMF Model

作　　者：陈明 王琳玲[2] 曹柳 李名阅 申哲民[1] CHEN Ming;WANG Lin-ling;CAO Liu;LI Ming-yue;SHEN Zhe-min(Schl of Environmental Science and Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430000,China;Environmental Protection Agency of Jiyuan Production City Integration Demonstration Area,Jiyuan 459000,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学环境科学与工程学院,上海200240 [2]华中科技大学环境科学与工程学院,武汉430000 [3]济源产城融合示范区生态环境局,济源459000

出　　处：《环境科学》2023年第6期3450-3462,共13页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1805201);河南省南太行地区山水林田湖草生态保护修复试点工程项目。

摘　　要：为探究典型铅锌冶炼城市大气降尘重金属的污染特征和来源解析,于2021年逐月采集河南省某市不同功能区共22个点位511份有效降尘样品,分析了样品中重金属含量和时空分布特征,利用地累积指数法和健康风险评价模型评估降尘重金属污染程度,并采用正定矩阵因子分解模型(PMF)定量解析重金属污染源.结果表明,全市降尘中ω(Pb)、ω(Cd)、ω(As)、ω(Cr)、ω(Cu)、ω(Mn)、ω(Ni)和ω(Zn)的平均值为3185.76、78.18、273.67、149.50、453.60、810.37、54.38和2397.38 mg·kg^(-1),均高于河南省土壤背景值.各重金属除Mn外均具有明显季节变化特征,其中铅锌冶炼工业区降尘中Pb、Cd、As和Cu含量显著高于其他功能区;Zn元素在居民混合区含量最高.地累积指数法结果显示Cd和Pb的污染最严重,其次为Zn、Cu和As,均为严重-偏极度污染.非致癌风险最主要暴露途径是手-口摄食,各功能区以Pb和As对儿童造成的非致癌风险最大;Cr、As、Cd和Ni经呼吸途径对人体的致癌风险均低于安全阈值.PMF模型源解析结果表明,降尘重金属主要来源为以金属冶炼为主的工业污染源(39.7%)、交通污染源(28.9%)、二次扬尘源(14.4%)、焚烧及燃煤源(9.3%)和自然源(7.8%).To explore the pollution characteristics and sources of heavy metals in atmospheric deposition in a typical lead-zinc smelting city,511 effective atmospheric deposition samples from 22 points in different functional areas of a city in Henan Province were collected monthly during 2021.The concentrations and spatial-temporal distribution of heavy metals were analyzed.The geo-accumulation index method and health risk assessment model were utilized to evaluate the heavy metal pollution degree.The sources of heavy metals were quantitatively analyzed using a positive matrix factorization(PMF)model.The results showed that the average concentrations of ω(Pb),ω(Cd),ω(As),ω(Cr),ω(Cu),ω(Mn),ω(Ni),andω(Zn)in atmospheric deposition samples were 3185.77,78.18,273.67,149.50,453.60,810.37,54.38,and 2397.38 mg·kg^(-1),respectively,which were all higher than the soil background values of Henan Province.All heavy metals except Mn had significant seasonal variation characteristics.The concentrations of Pb,Cd,As,and Cu in the industrial area with lead-zinc smelting were significantly higher than those in other functional areas,and the concentration of Zn was the highest in the residential mixed area.The results of the geo-accumulation index showed that the pollution of Cd and Pb were the most serious,followed by that of Zn,Cu,and As,which belonged to the serious-extreme pollution category.The main exposure route of non-carcinogenic risk was hand-mouth intake.Pb and As posed the greatest non-carcinogenic risk to children in all functional areas.The carcinogenic risks of Cr,As,Cd,and Ni through the respiratory system to humans were all below the threshold values.The analysis of the PMF model showed that the main sources of heavy metals in atmospheric deposition were industrial pollution sources(39.7%),transportation sources(28.9%),secondary dust sources(14.4%),incineration and coal combustion sources(9.3%),and natural sources(7.8%).

关 键 词：大气降尘 重金属 时空分布 正定矩阵因子分解(PMF)模型 源解析 铅锌冶炼 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]