基于丙二腈的含能化合物的合成研究进展  

Progress in Synthesis of Energetic Compounds Based on Malononitrile

作　　者：王栋嵘 王锡杰[1] 廉鹏[1] 刘宁[1,2] 陈松 王伯周[1,2] WANG Dongrong;WANG Xijie;LIAN Peng;LIU Ning;CHEN Song;WANG Bozhou(Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Shaanxi Xi’an,710065;State Key Laboratory of Fluorine&Nitrogen Chemicals,Shaanxi Xi’an,710065)

机构地区：[1]西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安710065 [2]氟氮化工资源高效开发与利用国家重点实验室,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《爆破器材》2023年第4期1-13,19,共14页Explosive Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(22175139)。

摘　　要：丙二腈是一种重要的有机合成原料。介绍了丙二腈分子中亚甲基和氰基的反应特性。利用氰基的反应活性可以构建氮杂环母体骨架,可进一步赋予能量,设计并合成多种性能优异的含能化合物。丙二腈作为原料可以合成3,4-二(3’-硝基呋咱-4’-基)氧化呋咱(DNTF)和1,1’-二羟基-5,5’-联四唑二羟胺盐(HATO)等新型含能材料。系统综述了构建呋咱、四唑、异呋咱、偶氮桥联、醚桥联等含氮含能化合物的合成方法。同时,重点介绍了典型含能化合物的爆轰性能等物理化学性能。对基于丙二腈的含能化合物的合成思路和方法进行总结并提出建议,为未来设计、合成具有自主知识产权且性能优异的新型含能材料提供参考。Malononitrile is an important raw material for organic synthesis.The reactivity characteristics of methylene and cyan groups in malononitrile molecule were introduced.Reactivity of cyan group can be used to construct the nitrogen-heterocyclic parent skeleton,which can be further energized to design and synthesize a variety of energetic compounds with excellent properties.Malononitrile can be used as raw material to synthesize new energetic materials such as 3,4-dinitrofurazanfuroxan(DNTF)and dihydroxyl ammonium 5,5’-bistetrazole-1,1’-diolate(HATO).The synthetic methods for constructing nitrogen-containing energetic compounds such as furazan,tetrazole,isofurazan,azo-bridged and ether-bridged compounds were systematically reviewed.The physical and chemical properties of typical energetic compounds,such as detonation properties,were introduced emphatically.The synthesis ideas and methods of malononitrilebased energetic compounds were summarized and suggestions were made,which will provide reference for the future design and synthesis of new energetic materials with independent intellectual property rights and excellent performance.

关 键 词：丙二腈 含能化合物 合成 反应机理 爆轰性能 

分 类 号：TQ560.6[化学工程—炸药化工] TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O621.3[理学—有机化学]