防寒处理提升南疆突尼斯软籽石榴微域温度效应的研究  

Temperature increasing effect of cold-prevention treatments in micro-environment of Tunisian soft seed pomegranate trees in South Xinjiang

作　　者：宋娟 胡晓静 唐诚[2] 刁明[2] 柴亚倩 关思慧 高子渊 SONG Juan;HU Xiaojing;TANG Cheng;DIAO Ming;CHAI Yaqian;GUAN Sihui;GAO Ziyuan(College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830000,Xinjiang,China;College of Agriculture,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学林学与风景园林学院,乌鲁木齐830000 [2]石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《果树学报》2023年第7期1399-1410,共12页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团重点领域科技攻关重点项目(2021AB015)。

摘　　要：【目的】比较不同防寒处理对提升突尼斯软籽石榴微域温度的影响,为今后新疆产区露地匍匐栽培安全越冬提供技术支撑。【方法】以2年生突尼斯软籽石榴为试材,以露地石榴无覆盖为对照,比较当地气温与石榴园近地表气温,以及3种覆土厚度(15、20、30 cm)下各7组防寒处理(T0:单一覆土;T1:草帘+覆土;T2:钢筋架+草帘+覆土;T3:EVA塑料膜+草帘+覆土;T4:彩条布+覆土;T5:单毛毡+覆土;T6:双毛毡+覆土)的微域温度动态变化特征。【结果】当地气温与石榴园近地表气温相比具有明显滞后性,差异显著(p<0.05)。3种覆土厚度各处理微域温度差异显著(p<0.05),与对照相比,15 cm覆土厚度T1提升微域温度的效果最佳,T0和T6较差;20 cm覆土厚度T3提升微域温度的效果最佳,T4和T5较差;30 cm覆土厚度T2提升微域温度的效果最佳,其余处理差异不明显。【结论】3种覆土厚度各处理均能不同程度地提升突尼斯软籽石榴微域温度。综合比较,采用30 cm覆土厚度的T2(钢筋架+草帘+覆土)可最大程度提升突尼斯软籽石榴微域温度。【Objective】The demand for soft seed pomegranate in market is rising year by year.The Tunisian soft seed pomegranate has the widest commercial area for cultivation.However,due to the special geographical climate of Xinjiang and the freezing damage temperature threshold of Tunisian soft seed pomegranates,traditional soil covering methods cannot ensure safe overwintering,resulting in plant damage and low survival rate.Therefore,it is important to explore cold-prevention treatment methods that can maximize the safe overwintering of Tunisian soft seed pomegranate seedlings,providing technical support for the application of cold-prevention measures in winter for Tunisian soft seed pomegranate in the open field in Xinjiang production areas.【Methods】The test pomegranate orchard was located in the 12th Company of the 51st Regiment of the Third Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,with an altitude of 1046.20 meters.It belongs to a warm temperate continental arid climate with an average temperature of-6.6℃to-7.3℃in the coldest month(January).The test plants were 2-year-old Tunisian soft seed pomegranate cuttings,planted in a creeping manner at a 40°inclination in a south-north direction with a planting distance of 2.0 m×5.0 m.The soil was sandy with a deep layer and moderate fertility.During the winter from 2021 to 2022,the open field pomegranate plants without cover were used as the control(control),seven cold-prevention treatments were designed[T0:soil cover at one of three thicknesses(15 cm,20 cm,and 30 cm);T1:straw curtain+soil cover;T2:double-bar holder+straw curtain+soil cover;T3:EVA plastic film cover+straw curtain+soil cover;T4:covering with colored fabric cloth strips+soil cover;T5:single sheet cover+soil cover;T6:double sheet cover+soil cover].The experiment used IoT dynamic monitoring technology to monitor in real-time the temperature changes in the orchard and in the micro-environment under each treatment.The data were collected every 5 minutes from November 7,2021,to March 15,202

关 键 词：突尼斯软籽石榴 防寒处理 微域温度 

分 类 号：S665.4[农业科学—果树学]