杨梅主产区土壤肥力空间异质性及其影响因素——以浙江仙居和临海为例  

Spatial variation of soil fertility and its influencing factors in Myrica rubra region:A case study in Xianju county and Linhai city

作　　者：彭健健 徐坚 王晓晓 傅伟军[1] 张申 彭欣怡 徐懿 姜霓雯 方嘉 吴家森[1] PENG Jianjian;XU Jian;WANG Xiaoxiao;FU Weijun;ZHANG Shen;PENG Xinyi;XU Yi;JIANG Niwen;FANG Jia;WU Jiasen(School of Environmental and Resource Sciences,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,Zhejiang,China;Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Xianju,Xianju 317300,Zhejiang,China;Taizhou Wanfeng Forestry Co.,Ltd.,Xianju 317300,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,浙江临安311300 [2]仙居县农业农村局,浙江仙居317300 [3]台州市万丰林业有限公司,浙江仙居317300

出　　处：《果树学报》2023年第7期1421-1433,共13页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：浙江省省院合作林业科技项目(2017SY13);浙江省公益林和国有林场管理总站项目(GYLZ202103,GYLZ202004)。

摘　　要：【目的】阐明杨梅主产区土壤肥力的空间异质性,探寻影响土壤肥力的主要因素。【方法】依据杨梅(Myrica rubra)产区分布情况和适宜种植区域分布状况,筛选出浙江省杨梅主产区台州市仙居县和临海市的部分区域作为研究区,利用1 km×1 km网格法布点,采集了100个杨梅表层土壤样品(0~20 cm),通过地统计学方法探究土壤肥力的空间异质性。【结果】研究区杨梅土壤平均pH值4.48,有机碳含量(w,后同)18.21 g·kg^(-1),碱解氮含量115.01 mg·kg^(-1),有效磷含量15.57 mg·kg^(-1),速效钾含量239.23 mg·kg^(-1)。杨梅主产区土壤有机碳含量、碱解氮含量、有效磷含量和速效钾含量低值区主要分布在临海东部,高值区则主要分布在仙居西部;pH值高值区主要分布在仙居东部,低值区则主要分布在仙居和临海的西部。土壤综合肥力评价指数的结果表明,仙居西部和临海西部土壤较肥沃,仙居东部和临海东部土壤较贫瘠。Pearson相关性分析结果表明,树龄与土壤有机碳含量呈显著正相关(p<0.05),海拔与土壤碱解氮含量呈极显著正相关(p<0.01),而坡向与速效钾含量呈显著负相关(p<0.05)。结构方程模型结果表明,树龄对有机碳含量有显著正影响(p<0.05),海拔对碱解氮含量有显著正影响(p<0.05),对速效钾含量有显著负影响(p<0.05),坡向对速效钾含量有显著负影响(p<0.05)。【结论】杨梅主产区土壤酸化和肥力失衡问题严重,应该增加仙居东部和临海东部的肥料投入和加强日常管理,适当控制仙居西部和临海西部的肥料施用量,同时还应增加研究区磷肥的施用。为缓解仙居西部和临海西部土壤酸化问题,可利用生石灰、有机肥和生理碱性肥料进行改良。【Objective】Soil fertility,the key factor of fruit production,is usually influenced by diverse factors in major producing areas.The study aimed to clarify the vital factors closely associated with the spatial heterogeneity of soil fertility by different comprehensive evaluation systems.The specific goals were to alleviate the common problem of soil acidification to provide a theoretical basis for realizing the precise management of soil nutrients in the main districts of Myrica rubra production.【Methods】According to the distribution of M.rubra main production area and suitable planting area,representative producing areas of Xianju county and Linhai city,Taizhou city,Zhejiang province were selected as study sites.100 top soil(0-20 cm)samples were collected based on an intensive grid of 1 km×1 km.The spatial heterogeneity of soil fertility was studied by geostatistical methods.The soil fertility status of each region was evaluated by the integrated soil fertility evaluation index method,and the impact factors of soil fertility were explored by Pearson correlation analysis and Structural Equation Model(SEM).【Results】The results of soil physicochemical experiments showed that the average pH,organic carbon(OC),alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen(AN),available phosphorus(AP)and available potassium(AK)of M.rubra soils in the study area were 4.48,18.21 g·kg^(-1),115.01 mg·kg^(-1),15.57 mg·kg^(-1)and 239.23 mg·kg^(-1),respectively.Compared with the average value of soil nutrients in the main producing areas of M.rubra in China,the soil pH and AP were lower than the average value(4.95 and 24.65 mg·kg^(-1))respectively,and the OC and AK were higher than the average value(19.47 g·kg^(-1)and 62 mg·kg^(-1)).The soil acidification was serious in our study sites,and the content of AP was generally lower than the average levels.The coefficients of variation of the five fertility indicators were 12.02%,25.98%,35.51%,100.35%,and 53.74%,respectively.Except for the strong variation of AP,the others were all moderate,and a

关 键 词：杨梅 土壤肥力 结构方程模型 空间分布 影响因素 土壤肥力评价 

分 类 号：S667.6[农业科学—果树学]