不同施肥处理对多彩花生干物质积累和主要农艺性状的影响  

Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Dry Matter Accumulation and Main Agronomic Traits of Colored Peanut

作　　者：任明刚 杨平 李春红 何大智 陈维 冯明友 REN Minggang;YANG Ping;LI Chunhong;HE Dazhi;CHEN Wei;FENG Mingyou(Anshun Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Anshun,Guizhou 561000,China)

机构地区：[1]安顺市农业科学院,贵州安顺561000

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2023年第7期14-21,共8页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：安顺市科技计划项目“安顺地方特色黑花生种性改良与新品系选育”[安市科农(2018)29];“多彩花生遗传材料鉴选及新品系选育”[安市科农(2020)01];“安顺地方高蛋白花生种质创新利用研究”[安市科农(2022)04]。

摘　　要：【目的】探明多彩花生的最适施肥方式和施肥量,为集成花生配套栽培技术提供参考。【方法】以多彩花生新品系Ah48为试验材料,以不施肥为对照(CK),按一次性基肥、50%基肥+50%追肥、一次性追肥方式,施加不同水平(300 kg/hm^(2)、375 kg/hm^(2)、450 kg/hm^(2)、525 kg/hm^(2)、600 kg/hm^(2))的硫酸钾型复合肥料(N︰P︰K=15︰15︰15,总养分≥45%),分析多彩花生干物质积累、主要农艺性状和产量对不同施肥处理的响应。【结果】与CK相比,施肥有利于增加多彩花生干物质积累,改善农艺性状。在3个施肥方式中,以50%基肥+50%追肥处理表现最好,有效分枝较CK增加41.33%,荚果和籽仁产量增加34.35%和53.30%;施肥量对多彩花生干物质积累和主要农艺性状的促进作用均表现为随施用量增加呈先增后降趋势,复合肥施用量为450 kg/hm^(2)时达最大;15个处理中,以“基肥+追肥”配合施肥450 kg/hm^(2)的处理表现最佳,多彩花生的一次分枝数、总分枝数和单株有效结果枝数分别达4.8条、5.6条和5.1条;成熟期干物质总量达77.80 g;饱果重率、饱仁重率和出仁率分别达95.19%、95.27%和74.71%;百果重和百仁重分别达242.43 g和72.80 g;荚果和籽仁产量的肥料贡献率分别达30.10%和41.79%。【结论】多彩花生以“基肥50%+开花期追肥50%”施用复合肥450 kg/hm^(2)的效果最佳,其荚果和籽仁产量分别达4.21 t/hm^(2)和3.13 t/hm^(2),分别比CK显著增加43.20%和71.98%。【Objective】In order to provide a reference for formulating supporting cultivation technology of peanut,the optimum fertilization pattern and fertilization level of colored peanut were explored.【Method】The effects of applying potassium sulfate compound fertilizer(N︰P︰K=15︰15︰15,total nutrient≥45%)with different fertilization patterns(all as base fertilizer,50%base fertilizer+50%topdressing fertilizer and all as topdressing fertilizer)and different fertilization levels(300 kg/hm^(2),375 kg/hm^(2),450 kg/hm^(2),525 kg/hm^(2)and 600 kg/hm^(2))on the dry matter accumulation,main agronomic traits and yield of colored peanut,new line Ah48,were analyzed by taking non-fertilization as CK.【Result】Compared with non-fertilization treatment,fertilization was beneficial to increase dry matter accumulation and improve agronomic traits of colored peanut.Among the three fertilization patterns,the treatment of 50%base fertilizer+50%topdressing fertilizer had the best performance,which increased effective branches,pod yield and kernel yield by 41.33%,34.35%and 53.30%respectively.The promoting effects of five application levels on dry matter accumulation and main agronomic traits of colored peanut showed parabolic change law with 450 kg/hm^(2)as the apex.Among the 15 treatments,the treatment of applying 450 kg/hm^(2)compound fertilizer with 50%base fertilizer+50%topdressing fertilizer was the best.The first branch number,total branch number and effective fruiting branches per plant were 4.8,5.6 and 5.1 respectively;The total dry matter at maturity stage reached 77.80 g;The full pod rate and full kernel rate and kernel rate reached 95.19%,95.27%and 74.71%respectively;The 100-pod weight and 100-kernel weight reached 242.43 g and 72.80 g respectively;The fertilizer contribution rate for pod yield and kernel yield reached 30.10%and 41.79%respectively.【Conclusion】The treatment of applying 450 kg/hm^(2)compound fertilizer with 50%base fertilizer+50%topdressing fertilizer at flowering stage performed the best.The

关 键 词：多彩花生 施肥量 农艺性状 干物质 经济产量 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]