覆施稻壳对大棚黄瓜生长及抗霜霉病的影响  

Effects of Rice Husk Mulching on Growth and Resistance to Downy Mildew of Cucumber in Greenhouse

作　　者：赵琳 赵丽丽 王成港 王玉姣 朱春原[1] 张修国 ZHAO Lin;ZHAO Lili;WANG Chenggang;WANG Yujiao;ZHU Chunyuan;ZHANG Xiuguo(College of Life Sciences,Shandong Agricultural University,Shandong Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests,Tai’an,Shandong 271018;College of Plant Protection,Shandong Agricultural University,Shandong Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests,Tai’an,Shandong 271018;College of Life Sciences,Shandong Normal University,Jinan,Shangdong 250013,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学生命科学学院,山东省蔬菜病虫生物学重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]山东农业大学植物保护学院,山东省蔬菜病虫生物学重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [3]山东师范大学生命科学学院,山东济南250013

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2023年第7期22-31,共10页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省重大科技创新工程项目“设施蔬菜重要卵菌病害高效精准绿色防控技术”(2019JZZY010714);国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系“蔬菜真菌病害防治”(CARS-25-03B)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明覆施稻壳对保护地黄瓜长势及抗病性的影响,为高湿低温型病害黄瓜霜霉病的防控提供参考依据。【方法】采用随机区组方法研究大棚黄瓜行间覆施稻壳(1390 kg/667m^(2)、1853 kg/667m^(2)和2316 kg/667m^(2))对黄瓜生长期(团棵期、盛花期、初果期、盛果期和末果期)大棚室内温度和相对湿度、黄瓜生长指标和光合参数及防控黄瓜霜霉病危害的效果。【结果】覆施稻壳的试验棚环境明显优于对照棚,试验棚温度较对照棚(26.98℃)平均提高1.14~3.54℃,相对湿度较对照棚(68.83%)平均降低9.03%~29.01%;各处理黄瓜植株的株高、茎粗、叶面积及光合效率分别较对照〔157.98 cm、2.07 cm、339.60 cm^(2)和25.06μmol/(m^(2)·s)〕平均提高11.48~21.21 cm、0.08~0.45 cm、34.80~68.00 cm^(2)和4.23~8.70μmol/(m^(2)·s),各处理黄瓜霜霉病发病程度较对照(24.00)降低16.83%~60.00%,其中,行间覆施稻壳2316 kg/667m^(2)处理对黄瓜不同生长时期生长的促进作用更显著,且对降低黄瓜霜霉病的发病程度最显著。【结论】行间覆施稻壳栽培技术不仅可促进大棚黄瓜的生长,还可有效防控黄瓜霜霉病,提高黄瓜对霜霉病的抗性,以行间覆施稻壳2316 kg/667m^(2)对防控黄瓜霜霉病的效果最突出。【Objective】The effects of rice husk mulching on growth vigor and resistance to downy mildew of cucumber were discussed to provide a reference for control of cucumber downy mildew in greenhouse.【Method】The effects of three rice husk mulching rates(1390 kg/667m^(2),1853 kg/667m^(2) and 2316 kg/667m^(2))in cucumber rows on temperature and relative humidity in greenhouse,and growth indexes,leaf photosynthetic parameters and downy mildew control of cucumber at resettling,full flowering,initial fruiting,full fruiting and final fruiting stage in greenhouse were studied by a randomized block design.【Result】The greenhouse environment under the rice husk mulching pattern was better than CK(without rice husk mulching).The greenhouse temperature under the rice husk mulching pattern was 1.14-3.54℃higher than CK(26.98℃)and the relative humidity was 9.03%-29.01%lower than CK(68.83%).The height,stem diameter,leaf area and leaf photosynthetic efficiency of cucumber under the rice husk mulching pattern increased by 11.48-21.21 cm,0.08-0.45 cm,34.80-68.00 cm^(2) and 4.23-8.70μmol/(m^(2)·s)compared with CK(157.98 cm,2.07 cm,339.60 cm^(2) and 25.06μmol/(m^(2)·s)respectively.The incidence degree of downy mildew under the rice husk mulching pattern reduced by 16.83%-60.00%compared with CK.Applying 2316 kg/667m^(2) of rice husk between cucumber rows in greenhouse had the significant promoting effect on growth of cucumber at different growth stages and significant reducing effect on incidence degree of cucumber downy mildew.【Conclusion】The rice husk mulching technique in cucumber rows in greenhouse could promote growth of cucumber,effectively control cucumber downy mildew and increase resistance of cucumber to downy mildew.Applying 2316 kg/667m^(2) of rice husk among cucumber rows had the best control effect on downy mildew of cucumber in greenhouse.

关 键 词：黄瓜 霜霉病 覆施稻壳 栽培技术 黄瓜长势 光合参数 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S436[农业科学—园艺学]